2. A Brief History of Local Government in Vietnam

Marr, David G.

doi:10.1355/9789812305947-004

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The present reform politics are but the most recent efforts to regenerate the countryside and harness its productive forces. Vietnam has a long history of peasant rebellions under persistent tensions between an incompletely centralised authority (Confucian monarchy/colonial rulers) and rural leadership and the masses (Woodside, 1970, 1989; Marr, 2004). It is likely that this history has contributed to the Party's interpretations as a means of addressing the concerns of the rural populace when they respond with dissatisfaction to perceived failures of Party and state to govern.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the reasons for the rural resistance, and in turn the GDD as one of the legal consequences of the unrest, had to do with an undermining of the connection between citizenry and the Party; challenges which partly due to the history of nation building. Vietnam has, both during self‐government and colonial rule, seen a radical and often heavy handed process of standardisation and simplication of local governance institutions, building a well‐controlled local government administration at the expense of other forms of organisation (Marr, 2004). In particular, ethnic minority institutions have faced destruction by rural development policies such as New Economic Zones and the Fixed Cultivation and Sedentarization Programme, which, among others, have led to widespread interprovincial relocation of people (Kemf and Vo, 1999; Wessendorf, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinventing rural development in Vietnam: Discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform

Larsen

2011

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Over the past decades Vietnam has seen striking efforts to reinvent the exercise of democratic rural development. Promotion of grassroots democracy, notably under the Grassroots Democracy Decree (GDD), has been an acute response by Communist Party and government to large scale unrest among the rural populace owing to dissatisfactions with a felt mismatch between espoused commitments to 'good governance' and its actual practice. Through evidence from field work, this paper assesses the implications of the GDD in the central and northern highlands, analyzing how the promotion of grassroots democracy is discursively constructed by rural development professionals. The results outline three dominant discourses, which center on their respective interests in liberalist democratization, improved efficiency in state renovation, and enhanced accountability in governing local policy ambiguities. It argues that 'grassroots democracy' is serving as a conceptual mediator, supporting learning between diverging interests associated with rural development and different ideological positions shrouding the notion of democracy itself. Yet, given the extent that discourses are reflective of how professionals relate to grassroots aspirations, grassroots movements, which originally ushered the Party and central government to pass the GDD, have a significant struggle ahead of them to affect concrete changes in professionals' practices.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinventing rural development in Vietnam: Discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform

Larsen

2011

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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“…The limited capacity of public institutions and administration is impeding the private sector‐led development of rural clusters. In some rural areas, the provincial, district and local levels of government are ill‐equipped to handle the problems of building approvals, land allocation and transfers, infrastructure management, and environmental degradation (Marr, 2004, 48–49). Likewise, central government has not adapted well to the rapidly changing technological environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Resource Degradation Associated with Small‐Scale Enterprise Clusters in the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam

Konstadakopulos

2008

Geographical Research

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The paper reports on an empirical study of the environmental and resource degradation observed in small-scale handicraft clusters in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Most entrepreneurs in these clusters face important challenges, including depletion of natural resources, linked to acute shortages of capital and land. Such issues are identified as the main cause of overcrowding, poor working conditions and extreme environmental degradation. The study also highlights some industrial ecology practices at the enterprise level, and assesses the role played by the government in providing incentives for enterprises to invest in new technology and pollution control. Drawing from the analysis of a questionnaire survey of 56 handicraft enterprises, the study identifies the major constraints they encounter in adopting new environmentally clean technologies and engaging in environmental management. Shortage of capital and lack of knowledge about the benefits of new technologies were viewed as the most important barriers, followed by shortage of skilled workers, poor market conditions and scarcity of land appropriate for industrial production.

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“…Vertical governance hierarchy structured from the centre to village level is a traditional political ideology in Vietnam (Marr, 2004) The administrative decentralisation process 16 provides an opportunity for local authorities to manage their BRs and constituent PAs within the provincial boundary. Considered as an autonomous government unit, the province has its own power to establish local governance (BRMB and Advisory Council) and allocate funding and resources for operating BR activities.…”

Section: Biosphere Reserve Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The province sets up a BRMB to facilitate the BR approach through coordinating relevant sectoral activities under the umbrella of the five-year provincial socio-economic development plan (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)) that established the target of 14 % economic growth rate and forest cover increase from 8.5 % in 2015 to 14 % by 2020 (Kien Giang PPC, 2015). In supporting this master socio-economic development plan, all departments and provincial agencies are implementing their sectoral and other related strategic plans in line to the central Governement of Vietnam Ministries.…”

Section: National and Provincial Management Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the management effectiveness of the biosphere reserve model: The case of Vietnam

Chu¹

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Vietnam allows the province and city authority some flexibility in interpreting the central policies and regulations that could benefit BR operation and management locally, the way this is interpreted varies with the commitment and engagement of the provincial leaders. Lack of true understanding ii of the BR approach coupled with unclear guidance on BR planning and management led to most of the management effort being paid to the conservation of the core PAs.Specific study of the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve (KGBR) showed a similar operational "disconnect" between concept and practice as in most other BRs in Vietnam. Whilst major attention has been paid to compliance with the UNESCO Man the Biosphere rules, little effort and investment has been made in the practical implementation of the concepts they embody. Lack of public awareness and understanding, state-control based on a strong sectoral approach to BR planning and management hindered broader stakeholder participation. Weak engagement from provincial leader in BR governance limited cross-sectoral collaboration process for effective delivery BR mandate functions that differentiates BRs from the conventional conservation PA approach. The study found that external projects only have a temporary impact on operation of the KGBR because they often start with small, time-bound demonstration models which negatively condition the community attitude to the projects and by association the BR.Using Enhancing our Heritage Toolkit (EoH) developed by IUCN and UNESCO for evaluation of management effectiveness, the study found that while the KGBR has been operating for a decade, the management planning process has not been completed. While a management system was established in KGBR it has proved inadequate to the task in operation because of structural deficiencies in the BR Management Board, lack of trained staff with BR knowledge and no allocation of operational funding specifically for BR activities. There appears a difficulty to achieve desired outcomes. Due to the absence of an approved operational plan with a monitoring and evaluation system has meant that assessment of management effectiveness of the KGBR against the key performance indicators has not been possible.To improve performance and effectiveness of the BR model in Vietnam, BRs should have nationally legal recognition that provides legitimacy for setting up clear BR governance structure and cross sectoral collaboration, and increase funding opportunity from central government for BR delivery. Additionally, BR sustainability and effectiveness greatly depends on the implementation of appropriate, locally-based management solutions that need a strong stakeholder's awareness, and engagement for a stable and strong governance leadership based on a strategic participation and public-private stakeholder partnerships in planning, operating resource allocation and implementation.iii DECLARATION BY AUTHORThis thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another p...

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2. A Brief History of Local Government in Vietnam

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Reinventing rural development in Vietnam: Discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform

Reinventing rural development in Vietnam: Discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform

Environmental and Resource Degradation Associated with Small‐Scale Enterprise Clusters in the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam

Factors influencing the management effectiveness of the biosphere reserve model: The case of Vietnam

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