2.8 V Aqueous Lead Dioxide–Zinc Rechargeable Battery Using H₂SO₄–K₂SO₄–KOH Three Electrolytes

Abstract

Aqueous chargeable batteries always suffer from narrow voltage window due to water electrolysis. In this paper, a high-voltage aqueous lead dioxide-zinc battery is constructed by designing negative and positive materials in alkaline and acidic electrolytes, respectively. It not only exhibits an open circuit voltage of 2.8 V and a discharge voltage of 2.75 V, which is the highest among PbO 2 -based aqueous batteries, but also provides a promising strategy to obtain high operating voltage without using expensive organic electrolytes or solid electrolyte separator.

An immiscible phase-separation electrolyte and interface ion transfer electrochemistry enable zinc/lithium hybrid batteries with a 3.5 V-class operating voltage

“…4(g) exhibits the energy densities of the reported main cathode materials in zinc batteries (based on the mass of both zinc anode and cathode materials, and N/P is assumed to be 1). 24,37,38,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] The operating voltages of most of the zinc batteries are located in the green zone (below 2 V). The red zone represents the region that can only be achieved by the organic LIBs previously.…”

Synchrotron X‐ray Characterization Techniques for the Development of Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

“…Additionally, the organic or solid-state Li-ion electrolytes require special packaging, thus leading to high costs for large-scale energy storage systems. [6][7][8][9] In recent years, there has been a growing interest on the development of various aqueous battery systems, including aqueous lithium-ion batteries, aqueous sodium-ion batteries, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), and aqueous aluminum ion batteries. Among various aqueous battery systems, AZIBs exhibit high theoretical energy densities (820 mAh g À 1 and 5855 mAh cm À 3 ) and inherent safety characteristics.…”

High‐Voltage Rechargeable Alkali–Acid Zn–PbO2 Hybrid Battery

“…While the alkaliacid Zn-PbO 2 hybrid battery have been rarely reported and investigated, which is still in the prototype stage in previous report. [11] Considering the highly commercialized Pb-acid battery and high theory energy density of alkali-acid Zn-PbO 2 hybrid battery, there are much more practical significance of our work compared with other aqueous batteries systems.…”

“…acid Zn-PbO 2 hybrid battery can deliver a tunable V oc depending on the pH gradient between anode and cathode. [11] Since the alkali-acid hybrid system could significantly widen the theoretical voltage window of aqueous batteries (Supporting Information), and PbO 2 electrode shows a rather high overpotential toward oxygen evolution reaction in acid while Zn anode exhibits a pretty high overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkali, the alkali-acid Zn-PbO 2 hybrid battery can theoretically deliver a voltage around 3.0 V without inducing water splitting.…”