2.79 μm erbium laser with lead–lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics electro-optic Q-switching output coupler

Abstract

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Syntheses, spectroscopic analysis, and structural determination of two novel nine-coordinate mononuclear Na4[EuIII(Dtpa)(H2O)]2 · 11.5H2O and binuclear (NH4)4[EuIII(Dtpa)]2 · 10H2O complexes

“…Some Dy 3+ and Ho 3+ ions, owing to desirable radioactive characteristics, their corresponding complexes become excellent candidates for radiation synovectomy and radioimmunotherapy [15][16][17]. The Er(III) complexes play an important role in the production and develop ment of laser fields [18].…”

Synthesis and structural determination of mononuclear nine-coordinate (EnH2)[YbIII(Egta)(H2O)]2 · 6H2O and [YbIII(Eg3a)(H2O)2] · 6H2O

“…Particularly, some Tb(III) com plexes with aminopolycarboxylic acid ligands have unusual spectroscopic characteristics including milli second excited state lifetime, sharply spiked emission spectra (few nm), and large Stokes shifts (>150 nm), so that they have been used as probes in fluoroimmu noassay [10,11] and show considerable promise in luminescence imaging and as sensors for certain bio active ions [12]. Some Gd(III) complexes are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses since there are seven high spin sin gleelectrons in the f orbits of Gd(III), the most in all the REM ions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

2.70μm emission Er:Cr:YSGG laser with LiNbO3Pockels cell

“…It can address both of these issues. The Q-switch techniques researched thus far include saturable absorbers [21,22], mechanical switches [23,24], acousto-optic (AO) Q-switches [25,26], electrooptics (EO) Q-switches [27][28][29][30], and Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) [31,32]. The EO Q-switch of the LiNbO 3 crystal has a non-hygroscopic property, a low half-wave voltage, and has high transparence in a wavelength range of 0.4 µm to 4.5 µm.…”