2,6-Dichilorophenol, Sex Pheromone of the Lone Star Tick

Berger, R.

doi:10.1126/science.177.4050.704

Cited by 89 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since the pioneer studies identifying 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) as an attractant sex pheromone in Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus) (Berger et al 1971, Berger 1972 this same compound has been identified in 17 species of Ixodidae (Mayer & Mclanglin 1991, Bruyne & Guerin 1994, Liu et al 1998, Borges et al 2002. Although identified in several species, confirmatory studies showing its role as an attractant sex pheromone were conclusive in seven species: D. variabilis, Dermacentor Chow et al (1975) identified 2,6-DCP in R. sanguineus female extract and observed that males responded to this compound by waving their legs, and detaching from the host, but attraction to this compound was not confirmed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Louly

Silveira

Soares

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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confidence: 99%

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Louly

Silveira

Soares

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Macroglumeruli have been described in the olfactory lobes of moths, cockroaches, and bees (ANTON & HOMBERG, 1999) and are believed to play a role in receiving information from olfactory receptor neurons that detect sex pheromones from distance. Ticks, including A. americanum, use sex pheromones to attract mates from short distances (BERGER, 1972). This may explain the lack of macroglomeruli in tick olfactory lobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

Borges

Olafson

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The present study was conducted to elucidate the neuronal pathways between peripheral olfactory and taste sensilla and the synganglion in an Ixodidae tick species. The tarsus of the front legs (olfactory nerves) and the fourth palpal segment (gustatory nerves) of unfed Amblyomma americanum males and females were excised. A neuronal tracer, dextran tetramethylrhodamine, was used for filling of the sensory neurons. The synganglion preparations were examined using a confocal microscope. Neuronal arborizations from the Haller's organ were confined to the olfactory lobes and the first pedal ganglion. The estimated number of olfactory glomeruli ranged from 16 to 22 per olfactory lobe in the females. The number of glomeruli was not counted in males because they were densely packed. Sensory neurons associated with sensilla at the distal end of the palpal organ projected into the palpal ganglion in the synganglion through the palpal nerve. Gustatory sensory neurons associated with palpal sensilla projected into a commissure with several bulges, which are confined in the palpal ganglion. The findings of distinct projection patterns of sensory neurons associated with the Haller's organ and palpal organ in the lone star tick from this study advanced our knowledge on mechanisms of sensory information processing in ticks.Keywords: Chemical sensilla, neuronal projection, synganglion, Amblyomma americanum. ResumoO presente estudo foi conduzido para elucidar a trajetória neuronal, entre as sensilas periféricas olfativas e gustativas e o singânglio, em uma espécie de carrapato Ixodidae. O tarso da primeira pata (nervos olfativos) e o quarto segmento palpal (nervos gustativos) de machos e fêmeas não alimentados de Amblyomma americanum foram excisados. Um traçador neuronal, dextran tetrametilrodamina, foi usado para preenchimento dos neurônios sensoriais. Os singânglios foram examinados através de microscopia confocal. Arborizações neuronais do órgão de Haller foram confinadas nos lobos olfativos e primeiro gânglio pedal. O número estimado de glomérulos olfativos variou de 16 a 22 por lobo olfativo nas fêmeas. Em machos, o número de glomérulos não foi contado, pois eles estavam densamente compactados. Os neurônios sensoriais associados com as sensilas, na porção distal do órgão palpal, projetaram-se no no gânglio palpal do singânglio § This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. † Authors contributed equally.

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“…americanum (Berger, 1972) and later shown to be produced by the foveal glands situated on the dorsal surface (Sonenshine et al, 1977). Whilst 2,6-DCP has now been identified in at least 5 genera, including 14 species, (Hamilton, 1992), Wood et al, (1975) were unable to find this compound in the four species of Rhipicephalus which they examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence for a mounting sex pheromone in the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Neuman 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae)

et al. 1994

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The presence of a mounting sex pheromone was demonstrated on the surface of fed female Rhipicephalus appeniculatus. This pheromone, which is present on the female cuticle, allows the male to recognise the female. The pheromone was removed by cleaning the female in hexane, resulting in the loss of male mating behaviour in in vitro experiments. Male mating behaviour was resumed when extract made from fed female cuticle was replaced on cleaned females. When the extract was transferred to inanimate objects typical male mating behaviour was released. Preliminary chemical analyses indicated that the active component of the extract was contained in the sterol ester fraction of the extract.

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2,6-Dichilorophenol, Sex Pheromone of the Lone Star Tick

Cited by 89 publications

References 3 publications

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

Evidence for a mounting sex pheromone in the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Neuman 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae)

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