2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-Trimethylthiazoline (TMT)-Induced Neuronal Activation Pattern and Behavioral Fear Response in GAD67 Mice

Janitzky, Kathrin; Prellwitz, Olaf; Schwegler, Herbert; Yanagawa, Yuchio; Roskoden, Thomas

doi:10.4236/jbbs.2015.57032

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…TMT exposure induced Fos expression in many brain regions, particularly in the MePV ( Jantizky et al, 2015 ). Strong initial fear-related behaviors to cat odor were accompanied by the expression of c-Fos ir-cells at the MePV ( Staples et al, 2008b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats

Kashiwayanagi

Miyazono

Osada

2017

Heliyon

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Urine excreted from the common grey wolf (Canis lupus) contains a kairomone, inducing fear-related behaviors in various mammals. Numerous fear-inducing substances activate neurons at the main and/or accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that the mixture of pyrazine analogues (P-mix) contained in wolf urine induced avoidance and fear-related behaviors in laboratory mice and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), a species native to Japan. Exposure to wolf urine or P-mix induced expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal excitation, in the AOB of mice. In the present study, we explored the effects of P-mix on fear-related behaviors and Fos-expression in rats. Exposure to P-mix induced avoidance and immobilization in rats, while that to a mixture of i-amyl acetate, linalool and R(+)-limonene (O-mix), which generate floral and fruity odors, induced avoidance but not immobilization. P-mix but not O-mix increased Fos-immunoreactivity of the AOB, medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus of rats. The present results suggest that P-mix odor induces unlearned fear-related behaviors in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats

Kashiwayanagi

Miyazono

Osada

2017

Heliyon

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“…2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT), a sulfur-containing odor isolated from fox feces [ 13 ], is one of the most widely used predator odor stressor. Accumulating evidence suggests that TMT exposure is suitable to investigate the uncontrollable stress responses in rodents [ 14 , 15 ], such as the activation of a distinct neural circuit in various brain regions in stress response [ 14 ], the activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [ 16 , 17 ], and induction of reliable fearful responses as freezing, diminished grooming behaviors, and decreased exploratory behavior [ 18 , 19 ]. Although it is known that early life predator odor exposure may affect later life behaviors [ 20 ], the long-term effect of early life exposure to predator odor on the neurobiological behavioral system are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Estrogen Influences Predator Odor-Induced Impairment of Cognitive and Social Behaviors in Aromatase Gene Deficiency Mice

Gao

Sun

et al. 2021

Behavioural Neurology

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Epidemiological studies have suggested that traumatic stress increases vulnerability to various mental disorders, such as dementia and psychiatric disorders. While women are more vulnerable than men to depression and anxiety, it is unclear whether endogenous estrogens are responsible for the underlying sex-specific mechanisms. In this study, the aromatase gene heterozygous (Ar+/-) mice were used as an endogenous estrogen deficiency model and age- and sex-matched wild type mice (WT) as controls to study the predator odor 2,3,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline- (TMT-) induced short- and long-term cognitive and social behavior impairments. In addition, the changes in brain regional neurotransmitters and their associations with TMT-induced changes in behaviors were further investigated in these animals. Our results showed TMT induced immediate fear response in both Ar+/- and WT mice regardless of sexes. TMT induced an acute impairment of novel object recognition memory and long-term social behavior impairment in WT mice, particularly in females, while Ar+/- mice showed impaired novel object recognition in both sexes and TMT-elevated social behaviors, particularly in males. TMT failed to induce changes in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test in both groups. TMT resulted in a slight increase of DOPAC/DA ratio in the cortex and a significant elevation of this ratio in the striatum of WT mice. In addition, the ratio of HIAA/5-HT was significantly elevated in the cortex of TMT-treated WT mice, which was not found in TMT-treated Ar+/- mice. Taken together, our results indicate that TMT exposure can cause cognitive and social behavior impairments as well as change catecholamine metabolism in WT mice, and endogenous estrogen deficiency might desensitize the behavioral and neurochemical responses to TMT in Ar+/- mice.

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“…The effect of predator urine and faeces has been related to chemical compounds that result from the metabolism of meat, whereas urine from overcrowded mice contains products from muscle catabolism, which signal the nutritional status of the population and cause a physiological response via a reduction in reproduction . 2,5‐Dihydro‐2,4,5‐trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is a component of the faeces of red fox, which has been widely used in studies of the effects of predator odours on various aspects of fear behaviour and stress responses in mice and rats, because it circumvents problems of dosage and disposability linked with whole faeces or fur‐derived predator odours …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different odours on the reproductive success of Mus musculus as an alternative method of control

Adduci

León

Busch

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a cosmopolitan rodent that has become adapted to living in close association with humans and is considered a serious pest because it poses a risk to human health, and causes economic losses due to food and crop consumption and damage to buildings. Its control in livestock farms is achieved mainly through the application of anticoagulant rodenticides, but the effect of these compounds is limited due to the presence of resistant individuals and aversive behaviours. A potential alternative method is the use of chemical signals to reduce rodent reproductive success. In this study, we assessed the effects of odours from an unfamiliar male, 17 -oestradiol, overcrowding, cat urine and 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) on the reproductive success of laboratory Mus musculus females. RESULTS: According to the generalized linear mixed models, cat urine odour increased the proportion of abortions per female, unfamiliar male odour decreased the mean number of offspring born per female, and TMT had an overall negative effect on mean offspring production at birth and at weaning. The other odours had no significant effects on reproductive success.CONCLUSIONS: TMT seems to be the best candidate for population control because it caused a decrease in the mean number of offspring born and the mean number of live offspring at weaning. TMT also has the advantage of being available in commercial forms. To be useful for rodent management in field conditions, these results should be confirmed using wild house mice females.

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2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-Trimethylthiazoline (TMT)-Induced Neuronal Activation Pattern and Behavioral Fear Response in GAD67 Mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats

Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats

Endogenous Estrogen Influences Predator Odor-Induced Impairment of Cognitive and Social Behaviors in Aromatase Gene Deficiency Mice

Effects of different odours on the reproductive success of Mus musculus as an alternative method of control

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