2.45-GHz-CMOS temperature compensated multi-controlled oscillator for IEEE 802.15 wireless PAN

Abstract

A 2.45 GHz Multi-Controlled Oscillator (MCO) has been designed using a CMOS 0.28 µm STMicroelectronics technology for use in frequency synthesizer and open loop FSK modulation circuit in multi-band IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) applications. Simple structure allowing multiple frequency control has been adopted so that the VCO maintains its center frequency and tuning range throughout − 40 • C to 120 • C by the way of a Proportional To Absolute Temperature (PTAT) biasing scheme. Simulations and measurements show the sensitivity of the VCO center frequency has been reduced from 1300 ppm/ • C to 73 ppm/ • C, while a phase noise of − 96 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset with a power consumption of 18 mW have been achieved.

Investigation of injection‐locked ring oscillators for process, voltage, and temperature‐aware low phase‐noise reference clock generation

“…The layout of the proposed coupled structure is shown in Figure 13 where it occupies a silicon area of 0.09 mm 2 . 27 De Beaupré et al 28 Kavala et al 29 Lakshmikumar et al 30 This work…”

A temperature stabilized CMOS VCO

“…Equation (2) contains the mobility term l n and the threshold voltage V th ; both depend on temperature and both variables have a negative temperature coefficient (TC) [10]. Therefore it is possible to achieve a zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) bias point, where any variation in temperature should not affect the bias current.…”