2.4 - Characterisation of Channel Usage in ISM/SRD Bands

Lieske, Hendrik; Beer, Frederik; Robert, Jörg; Heuberger, Albert; Kilian, Gerd

doi:10.5162/etc2014/2.4

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The comparison of interference measurement results in this study with a recent study (four years old) [35] for interference in the 863-870 MHz ISM band for LoRa and Sigfox in the city of Aalborg, Denmark shows an increase in interference. While the highest probability of interference was at 33.7% in Aalborg, it is at 97.3% at GCU.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Usually, LoRa must comply with 25 mW transmit power limits, and the 1% DC follows. The sub-bands, 868.0-868.6 MHz and 869.4-869.65 MHz for LoRa uplink and downlink, respectively, are considered as occupied with signals if the power levels are 10 dB [35,47] above sensitivity of the spectrum analyser.…”

Section: Interference Measurement Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hendrik. L et al [35] monitored the sub-GHz unlicensed frequency band in a German city. The study measured the spectrum occupancy in the 169 MHz, 433 MHz, and 868 MHz bands.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Performance of a Live Multi-Gateway LoRaWAN and Interference Measurement across Indoor and Outdoor Localities

et al. 2022

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Little work has been reported on the magnitude and impact of interference with the performance of Internet of Things (IoT) applications operated by Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) in the unlicensed 868 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The propagation performance and signal activity measurement of such technologies can give many insights to effectively build long-range wireless communications in a Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) environment. In this paper, the performance of a live multi-gateway in indoor office site in Glasgow city was analysed in 26 days of traffic measurement. The indoor network performances were compared to similar performance measurements from outdoor LoRaWAN test traffic generated across Glasgow Central Business District (CBD) and elsewhere on the same LoRaWAN. The results revealed 99.95% packet transfer success on the first attempt in the indoor site compared to 95.7% at the external site. The analysis shows that interference is attributed to nearly 50 X greater LoRaWAN outdoor packet loss than indoor. The interference measurement results showed a 13.2–97.3% and 4.8–54% probability of interfering signals, respectively, in the mandatory Long-Range (LoRa) uplink and downlink channels, capable of limiting LoRa coverage in some areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Interference Measurement Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a Live Multi-Gateway LoRaWAN and Interference Measurement across Indoor and Outdoor Localities

et al. 2022

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“…In [ 27 ], short and long term measurements of the spectrum occupancy in 868 MHz band carried out in two urban locations in 2013 were presented. The results showed that the occupancy strongly depends on the frequency within the monitored frequency range and for certain frequencies may reach 80%, whereas other parts of the spectrum under test might not be used at all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we have used the knowledge about the distribution of the recorded transmissions over time to analyze the gaps between consecutive transmissions and to determine idle time available for potential new devices. In contrast to [ 27 ], we used Monte Carlo simulations supported by the measurement data to investigate two cases: when only intentional transmissions are taken into consideration as the interferences and when all recorded transmissions are taken into consideration as the interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Occupancy Measurements in 868 MHz ISM Band in Residential Areas

Kozlowski

Kurek

2021

Sensors

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The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to more and more devices using ISM frequency bands. Because they are not time synchronized, medium access collisions are unavoidable. The probability of such a collision is usually reasonably low; however, it increases with the number of transmitters competing for the same frequency channel. For this reason, ISM bands’ occupancy is regularly monitored by researchers. This paper presents the results of the measurement campaign during which a selected part of the 868 MHz ISM frequency band was monitored for the presence of transmissions in six locations in various residential areas in Warsaw, Poland. For the purpose of the campaign, a dedicated measurement set-up comprising a software-defined radio (SDR) module was assembled. The measurements results showed that the channel occupancy is in most cases lower than 1% with a maximum observed value of 2%. The paper presents selected characteristics of the detected signals. Additionally, distribution over time of the detected signals was used together with the Monte Carlo simulations to analyze how long idle time blocks are available for new transmitters that could be deployed in the band under testing.

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