2,3-Dihydrofarnesoic acid, a unique terpene from trichomes ofLycopersicon hirsutum, repels spider mites

Snyder, John C.; Guo, Zhenhua; Thacker, Richard R.; Goodman, Jack P.; Pyrek, Jan St.

doi:10.1007/bf00980597

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Genes for resistance to many diseases (Foolad et al 2008;Momotaz et al 2005;Vidavsky and Czosnek 1998) and pests Leite et al 2001;Snyder et al 1993), cold tolerance and quality traits (Bernacchi et al 1998;Monforte and Tanksley 2000) are present in S. habrochaites, and some of these genes have been successfully introgressed into Solanum lycopersicon (Kabelka et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of genetic variability of Solanum habrochaites in its natural area of distribution

Sifres

Blanca

Nuez

2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The tomato wild relative species Solanum habrochaites (previously known as Lycopersicon hirsutum) is a potential source of novel genes for tomato breeding. It shows resistance to many diseases and pests, cold tolerance and fruit quality traits. This species inhabits the western Andean slopes at high elevations from central Ecuador to central Peru. In this study the genetic variation of S. habrochaites was studied using 91 accessions from the whole range of distribution of this species. To this end, we employed two kinds of markers: 9 SSRs and 6 AFLP combinations. The Principal Coordinate Analysis based on AFLP data showed the existence of clinal genetic variation from north to south. The accessions of the different geographic groups were sequentially arranged in the first axis from north to south and a clear separation between them was found. The groups from the centre of the area of distribution showed the highest variation and heterozygosis. The ones from the margins showed lower variability and presented higher homozygosis. The morphotypes typicum and glabratum considered by Müller constituted the extreme forms of the continuous variation in the pubescence grade. These differences in pubescence were not associated with the homozygosis grade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of genetic variability of Solanum habrochaites in its natural area of distribution

Sifres

Blanca

Nuez

2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…Lycopersicon spp accumulate a wide array of secondary compounds, particularly in glandular trichomes on the leaf surface, where they form the first line of chemical defense against insect herbivores. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene acids, and methyl ketones are found in the type VI glandular trichomes of L. hirsutum f typicum and L. hirsutum f glabratum and are implicated in resistance against spider mite, Colorado potato beetle, and beet armyworm (Sinha and Juvik, 1987;Carter et al, 1989aCarter et al, , 1989bWeston et al, 1989;Synder et al, 1993;Eigenbrode et al, 1994). Several of the sesquiterpene acids accumulated by L. hirsutum LA1777, however, have been found to actually attract the moth Helicoverpa zea for oviposition (Coates et al, 1988), illustrating the mechanisms of plant-insect coevolution on a molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control and Evolution of Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum

et al. 2000

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Segregation analysis between Lysopersicon esculentum (cultivated tomato) and L. hirsutum (wild form) in conjunction with positional verification by using near-isogenic lines demonstrated that biosynthesis of two structurally different classes of sesquiterpenes in these species is controlled by loci on two different chromosomes. A locus on chromosome 6, Sesquiterpene synthase1 ( Sst1 ), was identified for which the L. esculentum allele is associated with the biosynthesis of ␤ -caryophyllene and ␣ -humulene. At this same locus, the L. hirsutum allele is associated with biosynthesis of germacrene B, germacrene D, and an unidentified sesquiterpene. Genomic mapping, cDNA isolation, and heterologous expression of putative sesquiterpene synthases from both L. esculentum and L. hirsutum revealed that Sst1 is composed of two gene clusters 24 centimorgans apart, Sst1-A and Sst1-B , and that only the genes in the Sst1-A cluster are responsible for accumulation of chromosome 6-associated sesquiterpenes. At a second locus, Sst2 , on chromosome 8, the L. hirsutum allele specified accumulation of ␣ -santalene, ␣ -bergamotene, and ␤ -bergamotene. Surprisingly, the L. esculentum allele for Sst2 is not associated with the expression of any sesquiterpenes, which suggests that cultivated tomato may have a nonfunctional allele. Sesquiterpene synthase cDNA clones on chromosome 6 do not cross-hybridize on genomic DNA gel blots with putative sesquiterpene synthases on chromosome 8, an indication that the genes in Sst1 and Sst2 are highly diverged, each being responsible for the biosynthesis of structurally different sets of sesquiterpenes.

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“…Wild tomato sesquiterpenes and derivatives have been implicated in defense against herbivores (3)(4)(5). Sesquiterpenes are C 15 -terpenes predominantly derived from precursors of the cytosolic mevalonate pathway where the C 5 -isoprene units isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) are assembled into C 15 E-E-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) by FPP synthase (FPS) and converted by specific sesquiterpene synthases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improved herbivore resistance in cultivated tomato with the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway from a wild relative

Bleeker

Mirabella

Diergaarde³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

205

192

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Tomato breeding has been tremendously efficient in increasing fruit quality and quantity but did not focus on improving herbivore resistance. The biosynthetic pathway for the production of 7-epizingiberene in a wild tomato was introduced into a cultivated greenhouse variety with the aim to obtain herbivore resistance. 7-Epizingiberene is a specific sesquiterpene with toxic and repellent properties that is produced and stored in glandular trichomes. We identified 7-epizingiberene synthase (ShZIS) that belongs to a new class of sesquiterpene synthases, exclusively using Z-Z-farnesyl-diphosphate (zFPP) in plastids, probably arisen through neo-functionalization of a common ancestor. Expression of the ShZIS and zFPP synthases in the glandular trichomes of cultivated tomato resulted in the production of 7-epizingiberene. These tomatoes gained resistance to several herbivores that are pests of tomato. Hence, introduction of this sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway into cultivated tomatoes resulted in improved herbivore resistance.metabolic engineering | terpenoid | white fly | spider mite | promoter H erbivorous insects pose serious problems in agricultural production areas. On commercial tomato, whiteflies, spider mites, and aphids are major pests, not only by the feeding damage they cause, but also because they transmit devastating viruses that can cause losses up to 100% (1). Production of tomato, a crop with considerable economic importance, reached 145,751,507 tons worldwide in 2010, representing a value of 53.3 billion dollars (www.fao.org). In general, wild tomatoes are far less attractive to pests than cultivated tomatoes due to an elevated or qualitatively different production of an array of defense compounds such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes.Toxic and repellent compounds are mostly produced in glandular trichomes, autonomous epidermal protrusions specialized in efficient production, storage, and release of defense compounds (2). These glands have long been regarded as economically important and challenging targets for bioengineering (2). Confining metabolic changes to trichomes ensures that the plant metabolism and crop yield remains unaffected.Terpenes constitute the largest and most diverse class of plantproduced secondary compounds that maintain a variety of biological functions and applications, including anticancer (taxol) and antimalarial (artemisin) drugs, in flavor and fragrance industry, and for crop improvement through enhanced pest resistance. Wild tomato sesquiterpenes and derivatives have been implicated in defense against herbivores (3-5). Sesquiterpenes are C 15 -terpenes predominantly derived from precursors of the cytosolic mevalonate pathway where the C 5 -isoprene units isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) are assembled into C 15 E-E-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) by FPP synthase (FPS) and converted by specific sesquiterpene synthases. However, it was recently shown that some wild tomato species contain a sesquiterpene pathway that is confined to ...

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2,3-Dihydrofarnesoic acid, a unique terpene from trichomes ofLycopersicon hirsutum, repels spider mites

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Pattern of genetic variability of Solanum habrochaites in its natural area of distribution

Pattern of genetic variability of Solanum habrochaites in its natural area of distribution

Genetic Control and Evolution of Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum

Improved herbivore resistance in cultivated tomato with the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway from a wild relative

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