2.2 Tables of total elastic cross sections of (K+)p and (K-)p, (K-)n

Mechanisms of Nitrosamine Mutagenicity and Their Relationship to Rodent Carcinogenic Potency

“…In longer-chain N -methyl- N -alkyl- N -nitrosamines (7 to 12 carbon length) odd-numbered compounds produce liver tumors and even-numbered compounds produced urinary bladder tumors . In even-chained alkyl nitrosamines the induction of bladder tumors in rats treated orally is hypothesized to proceed via initial ω - carbon oxidation to form an acid followed by Knoop-type β-oxidation observed in fatty acid catabolism, where successive elimination of two carbon fragments shortens the alkyl chain, resulting in N -nitrosoalkyl-3-carboxy­propylamine, which could undergo α-hydroxylation to form the diazonium species , (Figure ). For example, N -methyl- N -decyl­nitrosamine and N -methyl- N -dodecyl­nitrosamine are bladder carcinogens (with TD 50s of 1.26 and 0.656 mg/kg/day, respectively), versus N -methyl- N -undecyl­nitrosamine, which is a lung and liver carcinogen but not a bladder carcinogen (Table ).…”

Representing genes: classical mapping techniques and the growth of genetical knowledge

“…However, Dubinin's model of the achaete-scute-locus quickly encountered difficulties, because some alleles could not be accomodated in the linear scheme. 35 Step-allelism is basically what is called complementation today, and it can be used to construct "complementation maps" by ordering the alleles in a series of arrays that overlap according to the degree of expression of the mutant phenotype. 36 Complementation later became the basis of S. Benzer "cis-trans" test (see below).…”