2-10 µm mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in cascaded optical fibers: experiment and modelling

Delocalized SPM rogue waves in normal dispersion cascaded supercontinuum generation

“…However, an about 500-800nm broad localized excitation carrying a major part of the power is seen to slowly red-shift from ∼ 3µm to ∼ 5µm, while also pushing power across the ZDW and far into the mid-IR. This red-shifting collective excitation was also recently observed in [22,23]. The main peak in the spectrum ends up approximately at 5µm after 1.2m of propagation.…”

“…In particular, we demonstrate that the SPM rogue wave and the left over parts of the other SPM lobes together act as a spectrally localized collective structure (here about 500-800 nm broad) whose center wavelength is slowly red-shifting towards the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) through the inter-pulse Raman amplification between the SPM lobes, finally stopping at a certain distance before the ZDW where the dispersion is so weak that effectively no further temporal overlap is possible. This slowly red-shifting collective structure was recently reported in a Master's project [22] and in a similar study of cascaded mid-IR SCG by coupling a ZBLAN fiber SC into a chalcogenide fiber with normal dispersion [23]. In [23] the authors explain the red-shift as being due to intra-pulse Raman scattering, but here our detailed investigations, based on series of spectrograms, clarifies that the slow red-shift is actually due to collective inter-pulse Raman amplification and the generation of an SPM rogue wave.…”

“…This slowly red-shifting collective structure was recently reported in a Master's project [22] and in a similar study of cascaded mid-IR SCG by coupling a ZBLAN fiber SC into a chalcogenide fiber with normal dispersion [23]. In [23] the authors explain the red-shift as being due to intra-pulse Raman scattering, but here our detailed investigations, based on series of spectrograms, clarifies that the slow red-shift is actually due to collective inter-pulse Raman amplification and the generation of an SPM rogue wave.…”

Praseodymium-Doped Ge20In5Sb10Se65 Films Based on Argon Plasma Cosputtering for Infrared-Luminescent Integrated Photonic Circuits

“…The doped target was placed on cathode 1, whereas the two undoped ones were placed on cathodes 2 and 3, which enables to control the Pr 3+ concentration in the deposited film from 0 to 10,000 ppmw. The individual deposition rate for each target was estimated using different powers (5,10,15, and 20 W) under argon atmosphere of 5 × 10 −3 mbar. Then, depositions were performed using a combination of different powers applied to individual cathodes to adjust the Pr 3+ content in the fabricated films.…”

“…3,4 The applications of chalcogenide glasses in the midwave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral ranges are diverse and numerous given the combination of several optical properties enabling their use as infrared optical media. Based on the strong optical nonlinearities of these materials, supercontinuum laser sources spanning up to 13.3 μm 5 were fabricated. Frequency conversion devices from ultraviolet to short-wave infrared (SWIR) based on As 2 S 3 nanowires were also demonstrated.…”