1H/19F Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles

Fluorine‐19 MRI for visualization and quantification of cell migration in a diabetes model

“…19 F has low background biological abundance and is a sensitive nucleus, where the gyromagnetic ratios of 1 H and 19 F differ by only about 6%, and the relative sensitivity is 0.83. Previously, 19 F MRI and perfluorocarbons have been used for several extracellular applications, including blood volume measurements (24), measurements of tissue oxygenation (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), and the detection of atherosclerotic plaques (33,34).…”

A generalized strategy for designing 19F/1H dual‐frequency MRI coil for small animal imaging at 4.7 Tesla

“…However, MRI of fluorinated contrast agent suffers principally from low sensitivity especially at clinical field strengths, even despite the fact that 19 F is a high signal nucleus, requiring millimolar quantities of contrast agent per voxel for detetion (2). Because the amount of fluorine achievable by molecular targeting is limited by the concentration of epitopes that bind the contrast agent, which itself is a function of the tissue pathobiology, improvements in sensitivity and speed are better addressed with the use of specialized and dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coils.…”

“…In the program, the preset values of C t1 , C t2 , C c were first calculated according to Eqs. [1][2][3]; then C m was set to be a qualitatively correct value according to Eqs. [4] and [5]; finally, a nonlinear root-seeking algorithm was carried out to vary all the capacitances around their preset values to successively achieve impedance matching.…”

Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part I

“…For example, one approach is to use nanoparticles that carry a fluorine ( 19 F) payload, and then detect the 19 F MR signal instead of the 1 H signal. 31,32 This method has the advantage that there is no background signal, but the disadvantage of lower target signal. Another novel method makes use of the chemical exchange of 1 H protons between tissue water and the contrast agent.…”

“…Investigators have also synthesized protein-based macromolecular molecular probes (albumin-Gd conjugates), monoclonal antibody-based molecular probes, polyamidoamine dendrimers of Gd-based probes, and nanoparticle-based molecular probes for targeted MRI. 63 Micelles, liposomes, and emulsions have been used to carry large payloads of gadolinium, 64 19 F, 31,32 and CEST agents 34 and can be targeted by incorporating ligands into their lipid bilayer. Activatable agents have also been developed for MRI.…”