1E 0657−56: A Contender for the Hottest Known Cluster of Galaxies

Tucker, W.; Blanco, P. R.; Rappoport, S. A.; David, L. P.; Fabricant, Daniel G.; Falco, E.; Forman, W.; Dressler, Alan; Ramella, M.

doi:10.1086/311234

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The early evidence for intracluster light (Welch & Sastry 1971;Mattila 1977) has recently been confirmed with the detection of additional low surface brightness structures interpreted as tidal debris from recent galaxy interactions (Gregg & West 1998;Trentham & Mobasher 1998). With an X-ray temperature of ≈8 keV, Abell 1656 is the hottest of the observed clusters, and in fact lies near the upper end of the X-ray luminosity -temperature correlation (Tucker et al 1998).…”

Section: Abell 1656 (Coma)mentioning

confidence: 83%

Far-infrared emission from intracluster dust in Abell clusters

Stickel

Klaas

Lemke

et al. 2002

A&A

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Abstract. The ISOPHOT instrument aboard ISO has been used to observe extended FIR emission of six Abell clusters. Strip scanning measurements with crossing position angles centered on the clusters were carried out at 120 µm and 180 µm. The raw profiles of the I120 µm/I180 µm surface brightness ratio including zodiacal light show a bump towards Abell 1656 (Coma), dips towards Abell 262 and Abell 2670, and are without clear structure towards Abell 400, Abell 496, and Abell 4038. After subtraction of the zodiacal light, the bump towards Abell 1656 is still present, while the dips towards Abell 262 and Abell 2670 are no longer noticable. This indicates a localized excess of emitting material outside the Galaxy towards Abell 1656 with properties different from the galactic foreground cirrus, while the behavior in Abell 262 and Abell 2670 can be reconciled with galactic cirrus structures localized on the line-of-sight to these clusters. The excess of ≈0.2 MJy/sr seen at 120 µm towards Abell 1656 (Coma) is interpreted as being due to thermal emission from intracluster dust distributed in the hot X-ray emitting intracluster medium. The integrated excess flux within the central region of 10 -15 diameter is ≈2.8 Jy. Since the dust temperature is poorly constrained, only a rough estimate of the associated dust mass of MD ≈ 10 7 M can be derived. The associated visual extinction is negligible (AV 0.1 mag) and much smaller than claimed from optical observations. No evidence is found for intracluster dust in the other five clusters observed. The absence of any signature for intracluster dust in five clusters and the rather low inferred dust mass in Abell 1656 indicates that intracluster dust is likely not responsible for the excess X-ray absorption seen in cooling flow clusters. These observations thereby represent a further unsuccessful attempt in detecting the presumed final stage of the cooling flow material, in accord with quite a number of previous studies in other wavelengths regions. Finally, the observed dimming of the high-redshift supernovae is unlikely be attributable to extinction caused by dust in the intracluster or even a presumed intercluster medium.

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Section: Abell 1656 (Coma)mentioning

confidence: 83%

Far-infrared emission from intracluster dust in Abell clusters

Stickel

Klaas

Lemke

et al. 2002

A&A

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“…Dark matter is now an observational fact. We see the effects of dark matter from rotation curves [356], gravitational lensing [357], the Bullet cluster [358,359], and even in the cosmic microwave background [10]. In fact, the CMB shows that nearly 85% of the matter in the Universe is dark matter [10].…”

Section: New Particles and Structure Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

BeyondΛCDM: Problems, solutions, and the road ahead

Bull

Akrami

Adamek

et al. 2016

Physics of the Dark Universe

444

210

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Despite its continued observational successes, there is a persistent (and growing) interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, ΛCDM. This is motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving such questions as the cosmological constant problem, the particle nature of dark matter, the validity of general relativity on large scales, the existence of anomalies in the CMB and on small scales, and the predictivity and testability of the inflationary paradigm. In this paper, we summarize the current status of ΛCDM as a physical theory, and review investigations into possible alternatives along a number of different lines, with a particular focus on highlighting the most promising directions. While the fundamental problems are proving reluctant to yield, the study of alternative cosmologies has led to considerable progress, with much more to come if hopes about forthcoming high-precision observations and new theoretical ideas are fulfilled.Keywords: cosmology -dark energy -cosmological constant problem -modified gravitydark matter -early universe Cosmology has been both blessed and cursed by the establishment of a standard model: ΛCDM. On the one hand, the model has turned out to be extremely predictive, explanatory, and observationally robust, providing us with a substantial understanding of the formation of large-scale structure, the state of the early Universe, and the cosmic abundance of different types of matter and energy. It has also survived an impressive battery of precision observational tests -anomalies are few and far between, and their significance is contentious where they do arise -and its predictions are continually being vindicated through the discovery of new effects (B-mode polarization [1] and lensing [2,3] of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect [4] being some recent examples). These are the hallmarks of a good and valuable physical theory.On the other hand, the model suffers from profound theoretical difficulties. The two largest contributions to the energy content at late times -cold dark matter (CDM) and the cosmological constant (Λ) -have entirely mysterious physical origins. CDM has so far evaded direct detection by laboratory experiments, and so the particle field responsible for it -presumably a manifestation of "beyond the standard model" particle physics -is unknown. Curious discrepancies also appear to exist between the predicted clustering properties of CDM on small scales and observations. The cosmological constant is even more puzzling, giving rise to quite simply the biggest problem in all of fundamental physics: the question of why Λ appears to take such an unnatural value [5,6,7]. Inflation, the theory of the very early Universe, has also been criticized for being fine-tuned and under-predictive [8], and appears to leave many problems either unsolved or fundamentally unresolvable. These problems are indicative of a crisis.From January 14th-17th 2015, we held a conference in Oslo, Norway to surve...

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“…Here we report on five high-redshift, gravitationally lensed objects we have found in the background of the cluster 1E0657-56. Tucker et al (1998) identified the extended Einstein source 1E0657-56 with a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z = 0.296 showing a velocity dispersion, measured from 13 galaxies, of σ gal ≈ 1200 km s −1 . X-ray data from ROSAT and ASCA indicate that merging of at least two subclusters occurs in this highly luminous X-ray cluster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray data from ROSAT and ASCA indicate that merging of at least two subclusters occurs in this highly luminous X-ray cluster. Tucker et al (1998) derive a temperature of the hot gas in 1E0657-56 of kT ≈ 17 keV. Note, however, that Yaqoob (1998) reanalyzed the X-ray data and derived a temperature of kT ≈ 12 keV only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitationally lensed high redshift galaxies in the field of 1E0657-56

Mehlert¹,

Seitz

Saglia

et al. 2001

A&A

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Abstract. We present images and long-slit spectra obtained with FORS1 at UT1 of the VLT centered on the gravitational arc of the galaxy cluster 1E0657-56 (z = 0.296). The cluster is one of the hottest, most massive clusters known so far and acts as a powerful gravitational telescope, amplifying the flux of background sources by up to a factor of 20. We present photometric results together with the spectra of the gravitational arc (z = 3.24) and four additional amplified high redshift objects (z = 2.34 to 3.08) that were also included in the slit by chance coincidence. A magnification map has been obtained from a lens model derived from the multiple image systems. We compare our observed spectra with models and briefly discuss the stellar contents of these galaxies. Furthermore we measured the equivalent widths of the C iv 1550 and Si iv 1400 absorption lines for the objects behind 1E0657-56 studied here, as well as for some additional starburst galaxies (nearby and at high z). For C iv we find an increasing absorption equivalent width with decreasing redshift. We discuss whether this correlation could be related to the increase of metallicity with the age of the universe.

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1E 0657−56: A Contender for the Hottest Known Cluster of Galaxies

Cited by 111 publications

References 25 publications

Far-infrared emission from intracluster dust in Abell clusters

Far-infrared emission from intracluster dust in Abell clusters

BeyondΛCDM: Problems, solutions, and the road ahead

Gravitationally lensed high redshift galaxies in the field of 1E0657-56

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