1D–3D Coupling for Gas Flow Analysis of the Air-Intake System in a Compression Ignition Engine

Abstract

Devices for reducing environmental pollutant emissions are being installed in ship compression ignition (CI) engines; alternatively, the designs of intake and exhaust pipes and ports are being modified to tune the performance according to the user’s needs. In both cases, substantial computation time and cost are required to simulate the gas flow of the CI engine with an air-intake system. In order to simulate the air-intake system of the CI engine, which changes according to the user’s needs, at a low cost and in a short time, we aimed to analyze the gas flow using a 1D–3D coupled method. The 1D zone was analyzed using the method of characteristics, and the 3D zone was analyzed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Ansys Fluent R15.0, whereas their coupling was achieved by applying the developed 1D–3D coupling algorithm to Ansys Fluent R15.0 using user-defined functions (UDFs). In the comparison of the pressure of the intake pipe with the experimental result, the average error was 0.58%, thereby validating the approach. In addition, when analyzing the intake pipe and port in a 3D zone, the results of the velocity and pressure were expressed as contours, allowing them to be visualized. It is expected that the 1D–3D coupling algorithm of the air-intake system can be used to reflect the user’s needs and can be used as a method to quickly and accurately calculate the gas flow within tens of minutes.

A 1D–3D Approach for Fast Numerical Analysis of the Flow Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas

“…Using the 1D-3D coupling algorithm applied to the air intake system, the intake/exhaust gas flow of the compression ignition engine could be calculated in about 20 min. The result of numerical analysis of the gas flow was not only able to obtain accurate results with an error of about 0.58%, but also visualized the flow by expressing the pressure and velocity results analyzed in the 3D zone as contours [17].…”

“…The 1D and 3D zones are coupled by using the method of characteristics (MOC), and the gas flow of the cylinder as well as the entire intake/exhaust system can be analyzed. In addition, it has been developed to model 1D and 3D zones according to user needs [17]. A 1D-3D coupling algorithm of the pipe system applicable to the intake/exhaust pipe was developed, numerical analysis was performed using this algorithm for reservoir-pipe-valve system, and the results were verified.…”

Determination of gas parameters in resonant pipes and channels of engines with a periodic workflow using the piston analogy method

“…In accordance with this, in practice the problem of modeling flow in resonant pipes often arises in order to select their optimal geometry. For this purpose, a large number of models and programs have been developed, including both one-dimensional (for example, the well-known method of characteristics [4]) and 2-and 3-dimensional [5] ones. Among them, one can note universal models that adapt to the type of engines in question and their elements.…”

Multi-Sensor-Based Hierarchical Detection and Tracking Method for Inland Waterway Ship Chimneys

“…The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has mandated a gradual reduction of nitrogen oxide and other types of gas emissions [1], and a regulation on sulfur emissions from ships sailing in global waters has been in effect since 1 January 2020 [2]. In addition, the design of ships' intake ports and the exhaust ports of the exhaust gas is being modified in accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) [3]. However, the detection of ship exhaust depends on high-sensitivity gas sensors, and it is difficult to obtain evidence.…”