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Abstract

Voda onečišćena finim sedimentom može biti velika opasnost za zdravlje ljudi i okoliš. No u studijama utjecaja na okoliš i stanovništvo komplicirano je i teško procijeniti utjecaje sedimenta, osobito kad je riječ o kratkim razdobljima. U radu se opisuje novi procesni okvir -procjena utjecaja riječnih sedimenata, Fluvial Sediment Impact Assessment (FSIA) -osmišljen za predviđanje i analizu problema onečišćenja riječnim sedimentima koji potječu od građevinskih projekata. Postavljaju se tri opća načela, šest metodoloških koraka i nekoliko tehničkih pristupa na kojima se okvir temelji.Prednosti su okvira sljedeće: temelji se na procesima, izričito se oslanja na dinamiku sedimenta, uključuje eksplicitne referencije za ekološke receptore, služi se općeprihvaćenim protokolima bionadzora, potiče multidisciplinaran pristup te se zasniva na bogatom iskustvu u velikim građevinskim projektima. Novi okvir nudi velik potencijal strože procjene stanja riječnog sedimenta prije, tijekom i nakon građevinske aktivnosti, primjerice polaganja naftnih i plinskih cjevovoda u rijeke.Ključne riječi: fini sedimenti, procjena utjecaja riječnih sedimenata, bionadzor, agroekologija, hidrologija Water contaminated with fine sediment can be a primary risk to human and ecological health. Sediment impacts are, however, complex and difficult to assess in environmental and social impact assessments, especially where timescales are short. We outline a new process-based framework -Fluvial Sediment Impact Assessment (FSIA) -designed to anticipate and address sediment pollution problems in rivers which may result from development projects. We establish three general principles, six methodological steps, and several technical approaches that underpin the framework.Advantages of the framework are that: it is process-based; it explicitly recognises sediment dynamics; it includes explicit reference to ecological receptors; it capitalises on well-established biomonitoring protocols; it encourages multi-disciplinary involvement; and it is based on substantial experience of major development projects. The new framework offers significant potential for more rigorous assessment of fluvial sediment conditions, before, during and after development activity, such as oil and gas pipeline crossings.