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doi:10.18632/oncotarget.v9i11

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, rare CD8 + T cells (T C 1, T C 2, T C 17) expressing one of these TFs may contribute to the proportion of positively stained TF-expressing CD3 + T cells in our study. In this context, T C 1, T C 2, and T C 17 cells have been found in peripheral blood ( 49 ) or tumor draining lymph nodes ( 50 ) of HNSCC patients by flow cytometry. These studies discriminated the subpopulations based on the cytokine expression profiles without analyzing TF expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells predict favorable clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Kirchner,

Plesca,

Rothe

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributing to cancer development. Conventional therapies achieve only limited efficiency, especially in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. As the immune landscape decisively impacts the survival of patients and treatment efficacy, this study comprehensively investigated the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME) and its association with patient outcome, with special focus on several dendritic cell (DC) and T lymphocyte subpopulations. Therefore, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 56 HNSCC patients, who have undergone resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, were analyzed by multiplex immunohistochemistry focusing on the detailed phenotypic characterization and spatial distribution of DCs, CD8+ T cells, and T-helper cell subsets in different tumor compartments. Immune cell densities and proportions were correlated with clinical characteristics of the whole HNSCC cohort and different HPV- or hypoxia-associated subcohorts. Tumor stroma was highly infiltrated by plasmacytoid DCs and T lymphocytes. Among the T-helper cells and CD8+ T cells, stromal regulatory T cells and intraepithelial exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1+) and/or lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3+) were the predominant phenotypes, indicating an immunosuppressive TME. HPV-associated tumors showed significantly higher infiltration of type I and type II conventional DCs (cDC1, cDC2) as well as several CD8+ T cell phenotypes including exhausted, activated, and proliferating T cells. On the contrary, tumors with hypoxia-associated gene signatures exhibited reduced infiltration for these immune cells. By multivariate Cox regression, immune-related prognostic factors were identified. Patient clusters defined by high infiltration of DCs and T lymphocytes combined with HPV positivity or low hypoxia showed significantly prolonged survival. Thereby, cDC1 and CD8+ T cells emerged as independent prognostic factors for local and distant recurrence. These results might contribute to the implementation of an immune cell infiltration score predicting HNSCC patients’ survival and such patient stratification might improve the design of future individualized radiochemo-(immuno)therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells predict favorable clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Kirchner,

Plesca,

Rothe

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines

Zhang,

Zheng,

Coghi

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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With the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccines has been widely recognized and has led to increased research and development efforts. Vaccines also play a crucial role in cancer treatment by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. However, enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines remains a challenge. Adjuvants, which enhance the immune response to antigens and improve vaccine effectiveness, have faced limitations in recent years, resulting in few novel adjuvants being identified. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in drug development has provided a foundation for adjuvant screening and application, leading to a diversification of adjuvants. This article reviews the significant role of tumor vaccines in basic research and clinical treatment and explores the use of AI technology to screen novel adjuvants from databases. The findings of this review offer valuable insights for the development of new adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells predict favorable clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells predict favorable clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines

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