The Rough MIll simulator (ROMI Version 4.0) is a computer software package for personal computers (PCs) that simulates current industrial practices for rip-first, chopfirst, and rip and chop-first lumber processing. This guide shows how to set up the software; design, implement, and execute simulations; and examine the results. ROMI 4.0 accepts cutting bills with as many as 600 solid and/or panel part sizes. Plots of boards processed are easily viewed or printed as are detailed summaries of processing data (number of rips and crosscuts) and yields for each grade. ROMI 4.0 optimization algorithms are based on a red oak database containing 3,500 boards of all common National Hardwood Lumber Association grades. Even though ROMI is based on red oak, the digitized board information can be adapted and modified to several other common hardwood species.