1989 Revision of recommended laboratory tests for assessing side‐effects of pesticides on the soil microflora

Gerber, H. R.; Anderson, John P.; Bügel‐Mogensen, B.; Castle, D.L.; Domsch, K. H.; Malkomes, H.-P.; Somerville, L.; Arnold, David; Werf, H. Van De; Verbeken, R.; Vonk, J. W.

doi:10.1080/02772249109357663

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Pestic. Environ., p. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]1989). These studies may not be directly comparable, since the compounds used for testing microbial degradation activity have different physical and chemical properties and may also be degraded by different microbial groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Soil Drying-Rewetting Stress on Microbial Communities and Activities and on Degradation of Two Crop Protection Products

Pesaro

Nicollier

Zeyer

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

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Prior to registration of crop protection products (CPPs) their persistence in soil has to be determined under defined conditions. For this purpose, soils are collected in the field and stored for up to 3 months prior to the tests. During storage, stresses like drying may induce changes in microbiological soil characteristics (MSCs) and thus may influence CPP degradation rates. We investigated the influence of soil storage-related stress on the resistance and resilience of different MSCs by assessing the impact of a single severe drying-rewetting cycle and by monitoring recovery from this event for 34 days. The degradation and mineralization of the fungicide metalaxyl-M and the insecticide lufenuron were delayed by factors of 1.5 to 5.4 in the dried and rewetted soil compared to the degradation and mineralization in an undisturbed reference. The microbial biomass, as estimated by direct cell counting and from the soil DNA content, decreased on average by 51 and 24%, respectively. The bulk microbial activities, as determined by measuring substrate-induced respiration and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, increased after rewetting and recovered completely within 6 days after reequilibration. The effects on Bacteria, Archaea, and Pseudomonas were investigated by performing PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes and reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and terminal RFLP (T-RFLP) fingerprinting. Statistical analyses of RFLP and T-RFLP profiles indicated that specific groups in the microbial community were sensitive to the stress. In addition, evaluation of rRNA genes and rRNA as markers for monitoring the stress responses of microbial communities revealed overall similar sensitivities. We concluded that various structural and functional MSCs were not resistant to drying-rewetting stress and that resilience depended strongly on the parameter investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterizing the stability and fate of crop protection products (CPPs) and their transformation intermediates in soil is an important component of the environmental safety assessment of these compounds (3,23). These parameters are evaluated in small-scale laboratory studies under different controlled conditions by using defined natural soils (6,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Soil Drying-Rewetting Stress on Microbial Communities and Activities and on Degradation of Two Crop Protection Products

Pesaro

Nicollier

Zeyer

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

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“…[23] In this study, the DHA was a particularly useful indicator of the effect of antibiotics on microbial activity and the microbial effect of the transformation of 17β-estradiol to estrone because transformation of 17β-estradiol occurs via the oxidation and reduction that are linked to DHA. [22] Dehydrogenase activity was measured by Tabatabai's method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, the result indicates that transformation of 17β-estradiol to estrone in soil is mainly due to microbial oxidation in our study. [23] However, with the presence of antibiotics, the strong correlation disappeared, indicating that the antibiotics changed the microbial activity and thus degradation or oxidation of organic substances in the soil. Table 3 details the antibiotic-induced changes in the correlation between DHA and estrone.…”

Section: Downloaded By [Mcmaster University] At 11:22 08 December 2014mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Agricultural Antibiotics on the Persistence and Transformation of 17β-Estradiol in a Sequatchie Loam

Chun¹,

Lee²,

Geyer³

et al. 2005

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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A laboratory incubation study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural antibiotics (sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlortetracycline) on the persistence and transformation of 17beta-estradiol in Sequatchie loam. We measured concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and its primary metabolite (estrone) in soils spiked with antibiotics and 17beta-estradiol. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was also measured as an indicator of the total microbial activity of the soils. The presence of antibiotics significantly decreased transformation of 17beta-estradiol to estrone. There was a positive correlation between the DHA and the concentrations of estrone in soil spiked with 17beta-estradiol only, implying that the reaction is mainly catalyzed by dehydrogenases. However, the positive correlation was weakened in soil spiked with 17beta-estradiol and antibiotics together. We recommend that any study evaluating the fate and transport of estrogenic hormones in soil should include the effect of agricultural antibiotics because antibiotics and estrogenic hormones are commonly excreted together in environmental samples.

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“…Following international recommendations (Gerber et al, 1991), the Biologische Bundesanstalt (BBA) has for many years investigated, under defined laboratory conditions, the effects of herbicides on biomass-related microbial parameters (dehydrogenase activity = DHA, substrate-induced short-term respiration = SIR) as well as those on carbon (cumulative long-term respiration = LTR) and nitrogen mineralization (= Nmh) including nitrification or, more objectively, net nitrogen mineralization (nitrogen transformation minus the initial N~, , content = net N-). Typical reaction patterns of the soil microflora occurred after the application of strongly biocidal compounds (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Expression Of Typical Stress From Plant Protection Products mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological tests of the effects of plant protection products in soil: experience and proposals to improve ecotoxicological significance

Malkomes¹

2001

EPPO Bulletin

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One objective of ecotoxicological testing of plant protection products within authorization procedures is to assess, under standardized conditions, potential risks for soil microorganisms. This is only possible if some essential conditions are considered. In the past 10 years, experience has been obtained, either from authorization procedures or ecotoxicological research, which may stimulate discussion of existing or planned test methods. This includes applied microbiological test parameters (e.g. sensitivity, significance), design of the tests (e.g. dosage, mode of application, reference compounds, soils, ecological conditions, incubation time) as well as the interpretation of results. The size of tests is necessarily reduced in routine authorization procedures as compared with those within ecotoxicological research and these tests must therefore be optimized and updated to reach sufficient efficiency. From our experience, the combination of biomass‐related microbial activities (e.g. substrate‐induced respiration, dehydrogenase activity) with nitrogen transformation (mineralization followed by nitrification) is especially useful to identify dose‐dependent effects.

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1989 Revision of recommended laboratory tests for assessing side‐effects of pesticides on the soil microflora

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of Soil Drying-Rewetting Stress on Microbial Communities and Activities and on Degradation of Two Crop Protection Products

Impact of Soil Drying-Rewetting Stress on Microbial Communities and Activities and on Degradation of Two Crop Protection Products

Effect of Agricultural Antibiotics on the Persistence and Transformation of 17β-Estradiol in a Sequatchie Loam

Microbiological tests of the effects of plant protection products in soil: experience and proposals to improve ecotoxicological significance

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