19. Yüzyilin İki̇nci̇ Yarisinda Aşi̇ret İdaresi̇:  Aşi̇ret Müdüri̇yeti̇

AKIN, Fatma

doi:10.20427/turkiyat.631352

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The history of the Galata region dates back to ancient times. Before the fall of Constantinople in 1453 (Iṡtanbul), Galata was a Genoese colony and had the characteristics of a walled medieval city (Eyice, 1996;Akin, 1998;Celik, 1998;Batur, 2001) (Figure 3). Unlike the Historical Peninsula, which was established as a planned Roman city, Galata was developed in an organic manner (Batur, 2001).…”

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fifteenth century, Italians, Jews, Armenians, and Turks were living in Galata, each in their own neighborhoods separated by walls. The social and cultural context was the main determinant for the spatial layout of Galata since the traces of these walls were the prospective streets of the nineteenth-century Galata (Eyice, 1996;Akin, 1998;Celik, 1998;Batur, 2001). Throughout its history, Galata has always been an important port settlement.…”

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to various religious structures (such as churches and synagogues), the first municipality, theatres, embassies, hotels, a stock market, banks, translation bureaus, trade centers, and warehouses were built there. Typical for an important port city, Galata was distinguished until the end of the nineteenth century by its colorful urban life, with its many restaurants, cafes, casinos, taverns, and passages (Akin, 1998;Celik, 1998;Batur, 2001). As a matter of fact, there are cities in history established, dominantly, for trade purposes.…”

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much like the medieval bastide, the medieval Galata had the role of being the trade center of the city but its streets didn't have the regular order like the bastide. The city had the traditional morphology of Mediterranean port cities: it pursued maritime activities, connected the city's main axis to the port, and constructed important commercial centers (Eyice, 1996;Akin, 1998;Celik, 1998;Batur, 2001).…”

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These streets, which formed a network that expanded accessibility, were constructed according to European models rather than to the traditional pattern of Ottoman cities (Figure 4). As a business and commercial center of the city, which has improved physical accessibility significantly benefited Voyvoda (Eyice, 1996;Akin, 1998;Celik, 1998;Batur, 2001).…”

Section: Significant Determinants For the Development Of Voyvoda Streetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Urban and Architectural Characteristics of Voyvoda Street from Past to Present

Seçmen

Makaklı

2021

ICONARP

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PurposeVoyvoda Street in Galata district of Istanbul originated centuries ago at the inner walls of the medieval city and was one of the most significant of its era, which has preserved its unique character and urban identity. In the nineteenth century, it became an important financial axis for the city. This study aims to understand the factors which determined the axial character of Voyvoda Street and its urban identity. The street, which is under the influence of new dynamics is examined in relation to spatial and functional transformation. Design/Methodology/ApproachThe analysis was developed by two essential components: the street and the buildings that define the character of the street by its architectural components, and their functional transformation since the nineteenth century. The axial character of the street has been evaluated due to selected criteria. The data is based on literature review, the survey of historical maps, visual materials such as photographs and gravure prints, and on-site observations. Findings The street has been shaped and transformed by social, political, and economic developments, external and internal migrations, the influence of modernist architectural movements, urban reforms, Western innovations in transportation, and technical developments. Voyvoda Street's strong character as an axis is determined by its historical buildings, which are attached to each other continuously that form a wall defining the boundaries of the street. It is one of the essential pedestrian connections and functions as a path. Since most of the buildings lost their original functions, following the re-use for various needs, the service and cultural industries have become dominant. Although the historical characters of some buildings have been changed by new additions, the original silhouette of the nineteenth century is still dominant. Research Limitations/ImplicationsVisual materials and resources of some buildings were available in detail, while for some of them, the materials were limited. Originality/ValueThe previous studies concentrated on urban, and architectural aspects of Galata district as a whole, whereas this study focused on the urban identity of Voyvoda Street. The street and the historical buildings that define the axial character and the image of the street by its architectural components, and their functional transformation have been analyzed.

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Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 062021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significant Determinants For the Development Of Voyvoda Streetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Urban and Architectural Characteristics of Voyvoda Street from Past to Present

Seçmen

Makaklı

2021

ICONARP

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The impact of Levantine community on the westernization process of Ottoman Empire

Ergül,

Demircan

2024

MATEC Web Conf.

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The aim of this research is to understand the role of Levantines in the westernization process of Ottoman Empire. The scope of the study covers the second half of 19th and the first quarter of 20th century of İstanbul, specifically Galata and Pera regions which took on the appearance of a European city. The method is Center – Periphery Theory. According to the Modern World-System approach, the world is divided into two, center and periphery, and the center means both; the center in geographical sense, and also the center of the cultural values, symbols, beliefs, and behavioural patterns. In this system, above mentioned are demanded and imported by the periphery. The importation process is performed primarily by the privileged actors such as, elite class, tradesman and bureaucrats in the periphery. Within the case of Ottoman Empire and Istanbul at the time, the center was west, particularly France and the way of life was associated to the Belle Époque period. Ottoman elite living in the capital, desired a western lifestyle while the west was taken as a role model of progress during the 19th century and even later. In that period, the Ottoman elite was in a challenging attempt to westernize the Empire in every aspect of life, in collaboration with Levantines who were the European tradesman in İstanbul. Just as the West was recognized as the center of progressing and the Levantine community was the representation of west in the Ottoman capital, in other words, the West in the Orient, so Istanbul was the West in Anatolia as the center of progressing.

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Stadtentwicklung Und Tourismus. Die Salzburger Idee Einer Saisonstadt Anno 186

Holzapfel

2024

ressjournal

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ZusammenfassungDie Kommentierung eines jüngst entdeckten Plans zur Stadterweiterung von Salzburg aus dem Jahre 1861 weckt grundsätzliche Fragen zur modernen Tourismusforschung und lässt die Idee reifen, solche Vorstellungen, die für die Hauptstadt des österreichischen Bundeslandes damals wohl ziemlich neu waren, mit möglicherweise parallelen Gedanken, die das Osmanische Reich und besonders Istanbul in der gleichen Epoche betreffen, zu konfrontieren (von einem Vergleich möchten wir nur eingeschränkt sprechen). Dabei geht es auch um jeweils unterschiedliche Sichtweisen, die sich aus persönlichen Erfahrungen des einen Verfassers, Folklorist und Philologe, mit seiner aktuellen Heimatstadt Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden-Württemberg) und mit dem Wohnort eines nahen Teils seiner Vorfahren in Salzburg ergeben, der notwendigerweise anderen Sichtweise des Tourismusforschers und Germanisten in der Türkei gegenüberzustellen und Berühungspunkte zu suchen und zu erläutern. So weit die einzelnen Fakten, die sich aus den jeweils historischen Entwicklungen ergeben, scheinbar und offensichtlich auseinanderliegen, so sehr berühren sie überraschenderweise ähnliche (und damit doch vergleichbare) Fragen nach den angedachten Zielen der jeweiligen Tourismusentwicklung seit den 1860er Jahren, nämlich nach den Vorstellungen, die sich aus Bedürfnissen der notwendigen Infrastruktur für den Tourismus ergeben, nach den Wünschen und Zielen, die mit den damals neuen technischen Möglichkeiten erreichbar scheinen, z. B. mit der Entwicklung der Eisenbahn, mit der Attraktivität von großen, internationalen Ausstellungen, mit -in Istanbul -dem Neubau großer Hotels nach westlichem Vorbild usw. Nachdenklich werden wir, wenn wir manche weitere Entwicklungen zu skizzieren versuchen, die z. B. in Salzburg mit der Regulierung der Salzach größere und folgenreiche Eingriffe in die Natur und die Umwelt bedeuten, und wir schließen mit dem Appell, dass man in unserer Gegenwart Tourismus nicht nur als ökonomisches Vorhaben betrachtet, auch nicht, wie im Beispiel von Salzburg, damals offenbar ausschließlich als

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19. Yüzyilin İki̇nci̇ Yarisinda Aşi̇ret İdaresi̇: Aşi̇ret Müdüri̇yeti̇

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Urban and Architectural Characteristics of Voyvoda Street from Past to Present

The Urban and Architectural Characteristics of Voyvoda Street from Past to Present

The impact of Levantine community on the westernization process of Ottoman Empire

Stadtentwicklung Und Tourismus. Die Salzburger Idee Einer Saisonstadt Anno 186

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