19. Word-formation in New Englishes – A corpus-based analysis.

English in Madeira: History and features of a lesser-known variety in the Atlantic

“…Hybrid compounds, consisting of an English and a Portuguese or Romance component, constitute a special and creative variant of lexical transfer and have been noted as a common feature in World Englishes (cf. Biermeier, 2008). In many cases, they involve toponymic expressions, as in ( 20), where the writer uses the Latin laurisilva ('laurel forest') as a modifier for the English forest, thus mirroring the Portuguese compound floresta laurissilva 'laurel forest' (also note the spelling here).…”

Word formation of Chinese English words: Evidence from the Chinese English Dictionary

“…Substantial literature has come into being on the subject of word formation of new Englishes (Bautista, 1997; Biermeier, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017; Dako, 2001; Deterding, 2007; Evans, 2015; Tan, 2013; Tent, 2001). A handful of scattered works touched upon the word formation of Chinese English (Cannon, 1988; Moody, 1996; Yang, 2005, 2009) but solely within the framework of linguistic borrowing.…”

“…Inclusive lexis Exclusive lexis word formation Biermeier, 2014Dako, 2001 linguistic borrowing Not attempted Cannon, 1988;Moody, 1996;Tan, 2009;Xu, 2010;Yang, 2005Yang, , 2009 word formation + linguistic borrowing Biermeier, 2008, 2017Bolton, 2003Deterding, 2007;Evans, 2015;Görlach, 1995;Gramley, 2001;Mesthrie & Bhatt, 2008;Schneider, 2007;Tent, 2001 crowdsourced project like CED as most of its volunteer editors are EFL learners in China. The exclusive feature of CED is primarily determined by the developmental stage of the Chinese English variety.…”

“…Lexical innovations that emerged in the historical and contemporary contact between English and indigenous languages have drawn continuous scholarly attention in the paradigm of world Englishes either as embedded sections (or paragraphs) of panoramic monographs aiming at a comprehensive account of new English varieties (Bolton, 2003; Kachru, 1982; Kirkpatrick, 2010; Mesthrie & Bhatt, 2008; Platt, Weber, & Lian, 1984; Schneider, 2007; Seargeant, 2012; Tan, 2013; Xu, 2010) or as independent portraits depicting exclusively the lexical realm (Baumgardner, 1998; Biermeier, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017; Cannon, 1988; Chan & Kwok, 1985; Evans, 2015; Tan, 2009; Tent, 2001; Yang, 2009). Of all the lexical features that have been delineated, word formation constitutes one of the most essential dimensions of lexis nativization denoting how English phonemes and morphemes came to be localized.…”

A corpus‐based approach to Chinese English lexis

“…Lexical features arising from the historical and contemporary contact ecologies between English and indigenous languages have always been a fruitful area within the paradigm of world Englishes (Baumgardner, 1998; Biermeier, 2014, 2017; Cannon, 1988; Chan & Kwok, 1985; Dako, 2001; Tan, 2009; Tent, 2001; Yang, 2009). Commonly delineated structural features of varietal lexis encompass chronology, etymology, semantics, grammar and word‐formation (Biermeier, 2008; Cannon, 1988; Evans, 2015; Moody, 1996; Qin & Guo, 2020; Tent, 2001; Yang, 2005, 2009). Of all these componential dimensions, the vitality of nativized words, as indicated by their currency in various speech communities of world Englishes, seems to be inadequately treated, especially when it comes to research with large reliable datasets and rigorous scientific design.…”