17β-Estradiol replacement in young, adult and middle-aged female ovariectomized rats promotes improvement of spatial reference memory and an antidepressant effect and alters monoamines and BDNF levels in memory- and depression-related brain areas

17α-Estradiol: A candidate neuroserm and non-feminizing estrogen for postmenopausal neuronal complications

“…Estrogen also has a role in neurotransmitter systems involved in depression. For instance, estrogen acts as a serotonergic agonist/modulator by increasing receptor binding sites, synthesis and uptake in animal models [37,38] and post-menopausal women [39]. Thus, deficiency of estrogen following menopause decreases the levels of neurotransmitters implicated in monoamine hypothesis of depression and predisposes females to depressive symptoms.…”

Differential role of estrogen receptor modulators in depression-like behavior and memory impairment in rats with postmenopausal diabetes

“…A decline in estradiol levels in women on menopause leads to reduction of estrogen-induced BDNF synthesis in the hippocampus. 5,6,43 Many reports have mentioned that estrogen status greatly influences the expression of BDNF and/or their receptors. 5,6,43 Thus, estrogen or BDNF therapy is the logical approach to arresting neurobehavioral BANSAL AND CHOPRA deficits in women with postmenopausal diabetes.…”

“…2,3 Extensive preclinical literature provides evidence that both estrogen deficiency and diabetes influence the structural properties of different brain regions and negatively impact hippocampal neuroplasticity accompanied by cognitive deficits and altered behavior associated with depression. [4][5][6] The existence of comorbidities not only makes treatment difficult but also limits the recovery of concurrent pathologies.…”

In Vivo Imaging of Brain Estrogen Receptors in Rats: A 16α-18F-Fluoro-17β-Estradiol PET Study

“…A prolonged deficiency of estrogens has also been associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer disease (5,6). Hormonal treatment with estradiol was found to enhance or facilitate cognition and reduce depression in postmenopausal women and in animal models of reproductive senescence, that is, ovariectomized (OVX) rats (7)(8)(9). Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women was also found to reduce the symptoms of dementia and may even protect against the development of Alzheimer disease (10).…”