Ubiquitin (Ub)-binding domains (UBDs) noncovalently contact the Ub modification on binding partners. Ub possesses seven lysine (K) residues (i.e., K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, and K63) that can be used to form different chains based on different Ub linkage types (e.g., monoubiquitination/polyubiquitination). Thus, different Ub-based signals exist and are decoded by UBDs. Recently, we have reported the existence of two Ub binding surfaces located within the estrogen receptor a (ERa) protein. We have shown that the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 ERa residues direct noncovalent receptor binding to K63-based Ub chains in vitro. However, mutation of L429 and A430 residues did not completely abolish the ability of ERa to associate with Ub in cell lines. Thus, we evaluated the possibility that one or both ERa Ub binding surfaces could noncovalently interact with other Ub chains. Here, we report that ERa selectively binds to specific Ub chains based on different Ub linkages and that ERa monoubiquitination requires noncovalent ERa:Ub binding. Considering the importance of the UBD:Ub interaction in the initiation and progression of many diseases (e.g., cancer), our data provide novel insights into ERa functions that could be relevant to ERa-related diseases.