Demographics and microbiological profile of Pneumonia in United Arab Emirates

Al-Muhairi, Shaikha S.; Zoubeidi, Taoufik; Ellis, Michael; Nicholls, M. Gary; Safa, Wassef F.; Joseph, Jose

doi:10.4081/monaldi.2006.580

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The common pathogens causing CAP in GCC states were found to be S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. 28,29 In addition, the importance of atypical pathogens including M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila in the etiology of CAP in the GCC region has been documented. 28 Other etiologies, particularly influenza viruses, varicella zoster virus, and M. tuberculosis, are increasingly recognized as causative pathogens of CAP within the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj—part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program

Memish

Almasri

Turkestani

et al. 2014

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj—part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program

Memish

Almasri

Turkestani

et al. 2014

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…We have noticed a geographical variation in relation to reported comorbidities among patients with pneumococcal disease. In the Gulf Corporation Countries (GCC) diabetes ranked among the top comorbidities [18][19][20], where as much lower rates were reported in Italy [13], Denmark, and the United Kingdom [21]. This may reflect the underlying geographical variations in Diabetes prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)

AlSalaman

Alshehabi

Salah

et al. 2017

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Objective: To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain. Design and Setting: Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. Patients and Methods: Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed. Results: A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%. Conclusion: This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.

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“…In this issue of Monaldi Archives, Al-Muhairi et al describe the epidemiology of Communityand Hospital-acquired pneumonia in United Arab Emirates over five years [1].…”

Section: F Blasi S Alibertimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated by all guidelines local epidemiology knowledge is of primary importance for correct management of lower respiratory tract infections and the article analysed [1] is a good example of the problems that are faced when obtaining valid epidemiologic data. However risk factor identification is clearly mandatory for improving treatment of pneumonia patients.…”

Section: F Blasi S Alibertimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

In this issue of Monaldi Archives, Al-Muhairi et al describe the epidemiology of Communityand Hospital-acquired pneumonia in United Arab Emirates over five years [1].Most of the cases (287, 80%) were actually community-acquired (CAP) and only 74 hospital acquired (HAP). Considering the five-year observation only a few HAP cases each year were observed and no clear conclusion can be drawn from this series.

More interesting are the observations that the annual admission rate for CAP increased from 250/100,000 admissions in 1997 to 710/100,000 in 2002 and the presence of a seasonal trend in the admission rate.

The lack of any established rules for hospital admission can only partially explain the increase in the number of patients hospitalised.

…”

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Pneumonia: how important are local epidemiology and smoking habits?

Blasi

Aliberti

2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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In this issue of Monaldi Archives, Al-Muhairi et al. describe the epidemiology of Communityand Hospital-acquired pneumonia in United Arab Emirates over five years [1].Most of the cases (287, 80%) were actually community-acquired (CAP) and only 74 hospital acquired (HAP). Considering the five-year observation only a few HAP cases each year were observed and no clear conclusion can be drawn from this series.More interesting are the observations that the annual admission rate for CAP increased from 250/100,000 admissions in 1997 to 710/100,000 in 2002 and the presence of a seasonal trend in the admission rate.The lack of any established rules for hospital admission can only partially explain the increase in the number of patients hospitalised. A change in population risk factors or in CAP etiology can also be involved but, unfortunately, these variables are not addressed by this study.For example, in Al-Muhairi study, as commonly reported in the majority of studies into pneumonia, there is a large proportion of cases that have no pathogen identified, mainly because the appropriate tests were not performed [2]. In this study less than 30% of patients had sputum examination, less than 50% blood culture and only 14/287 had serology tests. This is a major pitfall of the study, that cannot give any indication on CAP etiology in the examined aerea. The seasonal differences in CAP incidence seem to be clearly related to population migration. This is an interesting point, rarely addressed in literature. The authors suggest that the peak of pneumonia cases follows the return from Asia of the expatriate population, this means a transmission of infections from Asian residents to local population. What is not clear is that only 3% of admitted patients are Asians. This may imply a high rate of infection spreading between Asian immigrants and the local population, underlying the importance of etiologic studies in this setting. Both increasing incidence and seasonal variation should foster the authors to design a new study to better investigate the epidemiological risk factors and the etiology of CAP in their population.Another interesting article in this issue of Monaldi Archives addresses the effect of cigarette smoking on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARs) concentrations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with CAP [3].The effects of tobacco smoke on the airway mucosa are well known. The chronic inhalation of smoke favours the adhesion of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae to the buccal epithelium. Smoking alters mucociliary transport, humoral and cellular defences, and epithelial cells. The proportion of smokers in hospitalised pneumonias is generally increased, which would indicate a role of smoking in the acquisition of infection.In the Stolarek et al. study the different responses to oxidative stress in smokers and nonsmokers with CAP is addressed. The study relies on the use of EBC, an interesting non-invasive technique for obtaining samples from the lungs. In EBC large num...

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Demographics and microbiological profile of Pneumonia in United Arab Emirates

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj—part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program

Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj—part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)

Pneumonia: how important are local epidemiology and smoking habits?

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