164 Children With Nephrosis

Arneil, Gavin C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)91026-1

Cited by 95 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The mortality rate in children with infections primarily due to NS has significantly decreased following the use of antibodies and glucocorticoids [49,50]. To prevent serious complications and death from pneumococcal infections, all children with NS should receive pneumococcal vaccine if not previously immunised.…”

Section: Common Gram Positive Organisms Include Streptococcus Pneumonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Bhimma¹

2014

J Nephrol Ther

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Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is one of the most frequent glomerular diseases seen in children. Children who go into complete remissin following treatment with corticosteroids are classified as having "steroid sensitive" NS. In developed countries over 80% of children with idiopathic NS have steroid sensitive disease although response to steroids is somewhat tempered in developing countries, especially in black children, the majority of whom have steroid resistant disease.The exact pathogenesis of this condition remains elusive. Podocyte injury and proteinuria are the two main issues in the pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses. There is release of cytokines by T-cells as well as a strong contribution of B-cell immunity. Genetic studies have reported human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigens DR and DQ associations linked to steroid sensitive NS and in small case studies, single gene mutations e.g. PLCE1 although to date no homozygous mutations in NPHS1 or NPHS2 and WT-1 genes have been reported.Most children with steroid sensitive NS have multiple relapses and a significant percentage also develop steroid dependent NS. These children receive multiples courses of steroids and are at high risk of developing steroid toxicity. Patient with frequent relapses who develop steroid dependency thus require alternative treatment. Steroids sparing agents used include levamisole, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus), rituximab and vincristine. The steroid-sparing effects of these agents have greatly reduced the adverse effects seen with long-term use of steroids.Despite the wide arsenal of agents available, therapy needs to be individualised to achieve optimal care of each child. More randomised controlled trials are required to evaluate the therapeutic and economic efficacy of this agent, define criteria for selection of patients for use of particular agents and to determine the safety profile of these drugs in children.This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, management and long term outcome of children with steroid sensitive NS.

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Section: Common Gram Positive Organisms Include Streptococcus Pneumonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is only one report of successful anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment in steroid sensitive NS (ref 50 …”

Section: Rituximabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Bhimma¹

2014

J Nephrol Ther

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“…The incidence of all idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children under 16 years is estimated at about 2 per 100,000 16,17 to 2.3 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 2.6], 3 which equates to about 200-240 children diagnosed in England and Wales per year. The prevalence is reported at 16 per 100,000, 17 which equates to about 1660 children in England and Wales.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence is reported at 16 per 100,000, 17 which equates to about 1660 children in England and Wales. Nephrotic syndrome is more common in boys than girls, with ratios such as 2:1, 17 1.6:1 3,10 and 1.5:1 16 reported.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for children with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review

Colquitt¹,

Kirby²,

Green³

et al. 2007

Health Technol Assess

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Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. NHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a very reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 30-40 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £300 per volume. Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can only be purchased for the current or forthcoming volume. Contact details are as follows: Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTAThe clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for children with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review NIHR Health Technology Assessment ProgrammeT he Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, now part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 1993. It produces high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS. 'Health technologies' are broadly defined to include all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care, rather than settings of care. The research findings from the HTA Programme directly influence decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Screening Committee (NSC). HTA findings also help to improve the quality of clinical practice in the NHS indirectly in that they form a key component of the 'National Knowledge Service'. The HTA Programme is needs-led in that it fills gaps in the evidence needed by the NHS. There are three routes to the start of projects. First is the commissione...

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“…Between 1952 and 1960 the Glasgow unit published frequently, attracting worldwide attention. Subjects included the first European publications on the use of corticosteroids, including long-term results and a study of 164 children with nephrotic syndrome [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The founding and early history of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN)

Arneil

Boda

Ehrich³

et al. 2007

Pediatr Nephrol

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The founding of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) in 1967 was the milestone for pediatric nephrology in Europe. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, more than 2,000 European pediatricians in 46 European countries work in the field of pediatric nephrology, and approximately 500 of these meet regularly at the annual ESPN meetings. Half of these 2,000 pediatricians work in about 200 specialized pediatric nephrology centers in tertiary care units, whereas the other half work in secondary pediatric care, with a special interest in common renal diseases. In this article the founding and early years of the ESPN are outlined and include the structure of the first ten annual ESPN meetings from 1967-1976. Historical reports are given by five pioneers who were first-hand witnesses of the development of pediatric renal care in Europe.

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164 Children With Nephrosis

Cited by 95 publications

References 24 publications

Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for children with idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review

The founding and early history of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN)

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