160 Gbit/s wavelength shifting and phase conjugation using periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide parametric converter

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

“…The sample to be processed is placed in the top part of the tube and then, by using a turbo pumping station (HiCube 80 Eco -Pfeiffer), the tube is pumped down to a pressure as low as p=3.5×10 -5 mbar. This very low pressure, 10 5 times lower compared to the ones reported by the literature [14,21], is the key point of the HiVacPE technique which allows diminishing as much as possible the residual water adsorbed by the internal surface of the glass tube and mainly the large amount absorbed by powders. After the glass tube is sealed, it is placed into a metallic tube container ensuring a uniform heating and an easy and safe manipulation.…”

“…Its excellent electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties are exploited in various applications such as: laser frequency doublers, wideband tunable light sources, light amplification, quasi-phase-matched frequency convertors, surface acoustic waves, optical switches and modulators, multiplexors and for many other all-optical signals processing. Most of the integrated optics devices designed for these applications are based on waveguides fabricated either by Ti-indiffusion [1,2] or by one of the proton exchange techniques namely Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) [3][4][5], Reverse Proton Exchange (RPE) [6] or Soft Proton Exchange (SPE) [7][8][9][10]. All these techniques allow fabricating low loss waveguides with preserved electro-optical and nonlinear properties, but in return lead to low refractive index increase typically in the range of ∆n e =0.01 for Tiindiffusion [11], ∆n e =0.02 for APE and RPE [6] and ∆n e =0.03 for SPE [7].…”

80-Gb/s wavelength conversion based on cross-phase modulation in high-nonlinearity dispersion-shifted fiber and optical filtering

“…Recently, some high-speed wavelength conversion experiments have been reported [1]- [3]. In [2], 100-Gb/s wavelength conversion by use of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based device and delay interference configuration was demonstrated, however, there is a relatively large power penalty after wavelength conversion of about 6 dB.…”

“…Therefore, this kind of wavelength conversion can easily suffer from pattern effect and format conversion. In [3], 160-Gb/s wavelength conversion by use of periodically poled LiNbO was realized; however, wavelength conversion based on FWM is polarization sensitive and the conversion effect is small when the wavelength spacing between the control pulse and CW lightwave is large. Wavelength conversion, based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a dispersionshifted fiber (DSF), has the potential of attaining terabits-persecond switching operation due to the ultrafast optical nonlinearity.…”

Multichannel transmission of intensity- and phase-modulated signals by optical phase conjugation using a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier

“…Thus far, a number of transmission experiments based on OPC have been demonstrated using different types of nonlinear elements, such as optical fibers [2], periodically poled lithium niobate [3], chalcogenide glass waveguides [4], silicon waveguides [5], and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) [6]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no experimental demonstration of OPC using multichannel WDM signals with different modulation formats has been reported yet.…”