16S rRNA survey revealed complex bacterial communities and evidence of bacterial interference on human adenoids

Abstract

Adenoid microbiota plays an important role in the development of various infectious and non-infectious diseases of the upper airways, such as otitis media, adenotonsillitis, rhinosinusitis and adenoid hypertrophy. Studies have suggested that adenoids could act as a potential reservoir of opportunistic pathogens. However, previous bacterial surveys of adenoids were mainly culture based and therefore might only provide an incomplete and potentially biased assessment of the microbial diversity. To develop an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the adenoid microbial communities and test the 'pathogen reservoir hypothesis', we carried out a 16S rRNA based, culture-independent survey of bacterial communities on 67 human adenoids removed by surgery. Our survey revealed highly diverse adenoid bacterial communities distinct from those of other body habitats. Despite large interpersonal variations, adenoid microbiota shared a core set of taxa and can be classified into at least five major types based on its bacterial species composition. Our results support the 'pathogen reservoir hypothesis' as we found common pathogens of otitis media to be both prevalent and abundant. Co-occurrence analyses revealed evidence consistent with the bacterial interference theory in that multiple common pathogens showed 'non-coexistence' relationships with non-pathogenic members of the commensal microflora.

Upper Respiratory Dysbiosis in Children

“…У этих детей были вы-явлены новые таксоны (кандидаты в новые фи-лумы) TM7 и SR1 [27]. Удельный вес основ-ных типов распределялся следующим обра-зом: Firmicutes (45,4%), Proteobacteria (28,6%) и Fusobacteria (11,1%).…”

“…Удельный вес основ-ных типов распределялся следующим обра-зом: Firmicutes (45,4%), Proteobacteria (28,6%) и Fusobacteria (11,1%). Авторы отмечают, что 3,2% нуклеотидных последовательностей бы-ли не классифицированы, что может отражать новые бактериальные таксоны [27]. Иденти-фицированными оказалось 94 рода различных бактерий, персистирующих на глоточной мин-далине, основными представителями были: Streptococcus (18,0%), Staphylococcus (14,7%), Haemophilus (11,2%), Fusobacterium (10,4%),…”

Immunoprophylaxis of infections of the upper respiratory tract in the frequently ill children

“…Так, при нерациональном использовании антибактериальных и/или антисептических препаратов возникают стойкие изменения микробиоты, что сопровождается снижением активности местного иммунитета и способствует избы-точной колонизации носоглотки патогенной микрофло-рой с формированием хронического воспалительного процесса [17,23,24].…”

Chronic Otitis Media: Microbial Environment During Viral Infection and Genetics of Host Susceptibility

“…16,17,21 Two studies have investigated the microbial communities of the adenoid surface in children using culture-independent methods. 16, 22 Nistico, et al used the Ibis T5000…”

“…In our group's study of the adenoid microbiome, we used sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to comprehensively survey the microbiome of the adenoid from children undergoing surgery for COM, OSA, and hypertrophic adenoids. 22 The 16S rRNA gene is characterized by highly conserved regions flanking hypervariable sequences allowing primers to be designed in conserved regions for sequencing across the hypervariable…”