16 Gb/s PAM4 UWOC system based on 488-nm LD with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques

Abstract

A 16 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on 488-nm laser diode (LD) with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques is proposed and successfully demonstrated. Experimental results show that such a 1.8-GHz 488-nm blue light LD with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques is enough forceful for a 16 Gb/s PAM4 signal underwater link. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to successfully adopt a 488-nm LD transmitter with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques in a PAM4 UWOC system. By adopting a 488-nm LD transmitter with light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques, good bit error rate performance (offline processed by Matlab) and clear eye diagrams (measured in real-time) are achieved over a 10-m underwater link. The proposed system has the potential to play a vital role in the future UWOC infrastructure by effectively providing high transmission rate (16 Gb/s) and long underwater transmission distance (10 m).

Laser-based visible light communications and underwater wireless optical communications: a device perspective

“…While radio frequency (RF) can be used for underwater wireless communication, it suffers from very high attenuation in water which limits the transmission range [24][25][26]. Because of the limitations of the aforementioned alternatives, UWOC has received a lot of attention in recent years, and Figure 2 shows the recent progress in the field [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. These demonstrations range from test-bed experiments, such as presented in [32], and real environment tests [42].…”

A tutorial on laser-based lighting and visible light communications: device and technology [Invited]

“…Fig. 2 shows the recent research progress in UWOC [27,28,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In contrast to LEDs, LD and superluminescent diode (SLD) emerge as alternative light sources for achieving high Gbps data rates owing to their short relaxation time and not being subject to problems of efficiency roll off.…”

High Performance self-injection locked 524 nm green laser diode for high bitrate visible light communications

“…The work was further extended to include two stage EIL to demonstrate 56 Gb/s LiFi transmission using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) scheme [3]. Later, incorporation of both optical and electronic injection was investigated with a demonstration of ~2.9 times improvement in the bandwidth [4] and 16 Gb/s underwater optical wireless communication at 488 nm [5]. In general, all these reports employed EIL scheme aiming communication performance improvement, and hence a comprehensive locking characteristics is lacking.…”