16.0% efficient thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells

Ohyama, Hideaki; Aramoto, T.; Kumazawa, S.; Handa, Hiroshi; Arita, Takaichi; Shibutani, S.; Nishio, T.; Nakajima, Junji; Tsuji, M.; Hanafusa, A.; Hibino, Takeshi; Omura, K.; Murozono, Mikio

doi:10.1109/pvsc.1997.654098

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The density (F) of the crystal is 2.684 g/cm 3 , and the shear modulus (μ) of quartz is 2.947 Â 10 11 g/cm s 2 . A change of 1 Hz in QCM resonance frequency corresponds to 1.34 ng of materials adsorbed onto the crystal surface of an area of 0.196 cm 2 . Figure 1 shows the experimental setup to investigate the adsorption and desorption kinetics of CdS thin films under various relative humidity (RH) levels between 17 and 85% RH at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity Sensing Properties of CdS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Demir

Okur

Seker

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Thin films of CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique to investigate humidity response characteristics. The morphology and the crystal structure of CdS thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique was used to measure the water vapor adsorption and desorption rates of CdS thin films. The dynamic Langmuir model was used to analyze the kinetics of the moisture adsorption and desorption process under relative humidity (RH) between 17 and 85% RH. Our results indicate that CdS thin films have a great affinity to humidity at room temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity Sensing Properties of CdS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Demir

Okur

Seker

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…CdTe deposition by APCVD employs the same reaction chemistry as has been used to deposit 16% efficient CdTe PV films 1,2 , i.e., close spaced sublimation (CSS), but employs forced convection rather than diffusion as a mechanism of mass transport. Tasks of the APCVD program center on 1) demonstration of APCVD of CdTe films, 2) discovery of fundamental mass transport parameters, 3) application of established engineering principles to the deposition of CdTe films and, 4) verification of the reactor design principles which could be used to design high-throughput, high-yield manufacturing equipment.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition and Jet Vapor Deposition of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices: Final Technical Report, 26 January 2000 - 15 August 2002

Meyers¹,

Ullal²,

Kee³

et al. 2002

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ITN's three year project Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (APCVD) of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices has the overall objectives of improving thin film CdTe PV manufacturing technology and increasing CdTe PV device power conversion efficiency. CdTe deposition by APCVD employs the same reaction chemistry as has been used to deposit 16% efficient CdTe PV films, i.e., close spaced sublimation, but employs forced convection rather than diffusion as a mechanism of mass transport. Tasks of the APCVD program center on demonstration of APCVD of CdTe films, discovery of fundamental mass transport parameters, application of established engineering principles to the deposition of CdTe films, and verification of reactor design principles which could be used to design high throughput, high yield manufacturing equipment. Additional tasks relate to improved device measurement and characterization procedures that can lead to a more fundamental understanding of CdTe PV device operation and ultimately to higher device conversion efficiency and greater stability. Under the APCVD program, device analysis goes beyond conventional one-dimensional device characterization and analysis toward two dimension measurements and modeling. Accomplishments of the concluding year and extension of the APCVD subcontract included: incorporation of HRT buffer layers and achievement of 12.3% efficient (NREL measured, but not certified) devices by APCVD; analysis of scale-up issues related to APCVD, analysis of dust formation dynamics; demonstration of the inherent deficiencies of APCVD for CdTe manufacturing; modeling effects of CdSTe and SnO x layers; and electrical modeling of grain boundaries. design and construction of a low-pressure jet vapor deposition (JVD) reactor; JVD CdTe film characterization as a function of substrate and source temperature; demonstration of high growth rates using JVD; and superstrate type and substrate type device fabrication using low substrate temperature JVD CdTe films.

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“…With its commercial success, CdTe photovoltaic (PV) has become an important solar energy technology and is thereby drawing increased interest from both the scientific and business communities. After relatively little improvement in record cell efficiencies in CdTe PV devices for almost 20 years , recent record efficiencies have increased to 19.6% for 1 cm 2 cells and 20.4% for 0.5 cm 2 cells, enabling module efficiencies larger than 17% . This comprises a major breakthrough for this approach, as CdTe PV has proven to have the lowest manufacturing cost even with reduced module performance levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxygen during CdTe growth for CdTe photovoltaic devices

Korevaar

Cournoyer

Sulima

et al. 2014

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Polycrystalline CdTe thin films for CdTe solar cell devices are typically grown using physical vapor techniques such as close‐spaced sublimation or vapor transport deposition with, in some cases, a small amount of oxygen in the process gas. In this report, we discuss the results of growing CdTe films in an environment of pure oxygen using close‐space sublimation. The results show that oxygen has a positive impact on CdTe film quality as it increases charge carrier mobility and lifetime in the absorber layer of CdTe‐based devices. This has resulted in a 10–20 mV improvement in open‐circuit voltages when growing the CdTe in pure oxygen. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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16.0% efficient thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Humidity Sensing Properties of CdS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Humidity Sensing Properties of CdS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition and Jet Vapor Deposition of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices: Final Technical Report, 26 January 2000 - 15 August 2002

Role of oxygen during CdTe growth for CdTe photovoltaic devices

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