154.4km BOTDA based on hybrid distributed Raman amplifications

Rao, Yiheng; Jia, Xin-Hong; Wang, Zinan; Zhang, Wei Li; Yuan, Cheng-Xu; Li, Jin; Yan, Xiaodong; Wu, Han; Zhu, Yeyu; Peng, Fei

doi:10.1117/12.2058507

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, a shift of the random lasing peak wavelength induced by the FBG strain at one end can be transduced as a power variation to be measured at the other free end of the laser [159]. Random lasing has also been used for pumping distributed amplifiers in BOTDA distributed sensing systems, extending the range of their operational distance to more than 100 kilometers [142,160,161]. The number of point-sensing FBGs could be increased, leading to multichannel sensor devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

et al. 2015

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Doc. ID 239686)Random fiber lasers blend together attractive features of traditional random lasers, such as low cost and simplicity of fabrication, with high-performance characteristics of conventional fiber lasers, such as good directionality and high efficiency. Low coherence of random lasers is important for speckle-free imaging applications. The random fiber laser with distributed feedback proposed in 2010 led to a quickly developing class of light sources that utilize inherent optical fiber disorder in the form of the Rayleigh scattering and distributed Raman gain. The random fiber laser is an interesting and practically important example of a photonic device based on exploitation of optical medium disorder. We provide an overview of recent advances in this field, including high-power and high-efficiency generation, spectral and statistical properties of random fiber lasers, nonlinear kinetic theory of such systems, and emerging applications in telecommunications and distributed sensing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

et al. 2015

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“…These limitations, especially non-linear effects cause valuable interrogation only for shorter fiber lengths, and beyond some fiber distance, probe gains become very noisy resulting erroneous measurements [7], [8]. In some of the published research works, the challenge of proper pumpprobe power management to avoid nonlinear effects, pump pulse depletions, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) degradation at longer distances has been addressed to reach beyond 100' kilometers utilizing the technique of distributed Raman amplifications using high quality Raman laser pumping in both directions [9], [10] and using multiple repeaters (discretely located signal amplifiers) in the optical fibers [11]. Managing proper power levels for both pump and probe waves, generating high extinction ratio of the pump pulse, and maintaining the spectral quality of the Brillouin gain spectrum along the whole fiber are the keys for extending the measurement range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-long-distance BOTDA sensor system employing hybrid amplification and advanced noise reduction technique

Bhatta,

Lalam,

Buric

et al. 2024

Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors III

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Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor systems play a pivotal role in distributed sensing, which enable precise measurements of strain and temperature across extensive fiber lengths. Nonetheless, challenges emerge as distances grow due to signal attenuation and noise interference resulting in measurement errors. This research offers a comprehensive strategy to extend the sensing range of BOTDA systems beyond tens of kilometers while maintaining high spatial resolutions. Such enhanced sensing is realized through hybrid system that employs the integration of distributed Raman amplification, and inline amplification using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), as well as advanced noise reduction techniques. By optimizing power levels for the Brillouin pump and probe signals, as well as for Raman pump, hybrid BOTDA system ensures the robustness of Brillouin scattering signals, effectively countering attenuation-induced losses. Distributed amplification not only conquers attenuation but also suppresses nonlinear effects that could undermine measurement accuracy. Additionally, enhancing weak Brillouin signals by strategically placing EDFAs at optimal fiber locations keeps sensor sensitivity high. Leveraging inherent redundancy in measured data as a function of frequency and fiber distance, the non-local means (NLM) filter removes noise while preserving essential physical information. This approach proves particularly advantageous in BOTDA systems, where accurate measurement of Brillouin scattering signals is paramount for long-range sensing with high spatial resolutions. In summary, this research has shown a holistic exploration of extending BOTDA's distance sensing capabilities up to 150 km with spatial resolutions of 8 meters, and Brillouin frequency shift error of 1 MHz.

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“…FOS can be classified as extrinsic and intrinsic. While precise physical quantities are measured with high accuracy at measuring distances up to 150 km with extrinsic FOS, physical quantities can also be measured with fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) positioned at specific points in intrinsic FOS. FOS have a number of advantages in comparison with traditional electronic and mechanic sensors due to their properties such as not being affected by electromagnetic interference, safety, a long measuring life, small sizes, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified fiber Bragg grating‐based temperature measurement system design with enhanced high signal‐to‐noise ratio

Yücel

Torun²

2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this study, a temperature measurement was performed by determining the linear slope in the transmission spectrum of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and by designing a temperature measurement system with the density fluctuation of a stationary continuous wave (CW) laser light on this line. The measuring range, which may change depending on the transmission spectrum of the FBG, was determined to be 12°C for this study and measurements were performed with 0.06°C accuracy. Gaussian fitting with negligible time loss and high noise immunity increased the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) ratio to 37.5 dB. A simple, cost‐ efficient, high‐speed, and high SNR, ergonomic, compact temperature measurement system was created with the suggested slope technique and by using a very limited number of fiber optic components.

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154.4km BOTDA based on hybrid distributed Raman amplifications

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

Ultra-long-distance BOTDA sensor system employing hybrid amplification and advanced noise reduction technique

Simplified fiber Bragg grating‐based temperature measurement system design with enhanced high signal‐to‐noise ratio

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