“…The 450 kV pulsed X-ray machines for hydrodynamic experiments were used to adopt a commercial reflection-target diode(RTD) with a ceramic enclosure [1][2][3], but the RTD is not good enough because of its small current, low dose, and large ringlike focal spot. In recent years, the rodpinch diode (RPD), similar to the RTD, has been widely used in 1-4 MV flash X-ray machines.…”