14C Dating of the Siberian Steppe Zone from Bronze Age to Scythian Time

Görsdorf, Jochen; Parzinger, Hermann; Nagler, Anatoli

doi:10.1007/1-4020-2656-0_7

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Middle Bronze Age continues with the Andronovo culture (18th to 14th century BC; -3.7-3.3 cal kyr BP; Görsdorf et al 2004), found only in the northern part of the Minusinsk depression; this was the southernmost region where this culture occurred. Compared to neighboring Kazakhstan and Western Siberia, the Andronovo sites are relatively poorly represented in the depression.…”

Section: Environmental Change and Cultural Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronology of Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes and their Connection to Cultural Dynamics in Southern Siberia

Dirksen¹,

Geel

Koulkova

et al. 2007

Radiocarbon

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Two sediment sequences from Big Kyzykul Lake and the Shushenskoe paleolake in the Minusinsk depression, Southern Siberia, were studied by pollen, microfossil, and geochemical analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating. The records indicate the persistence of an arid period between ∼11.7–7.6 cal kyr BP, increased effective moisture since ∼7.6 cal kyr BP, 2 humid impulses at ∼5.1 and 2.8 cal kyr BP separated by a dry interval, and the return to generally drier conditions after ∼1.5 cal kyr BP. This is contrary to the findings noted for the Eurasian temperate zone, but agrees with proxy data reported for arid and semi-arid zones of Central Asia. Reconstructed changes in climate and environment are in good agreement with archaeological data. Almost no evidence of the Mesolithic-Neolithic cultures has been reported for the depression, which is consistent with a dry early and mid-Holocene. Effective moisture started to rise from ∼7.6 cal kyr BP, followed by the beginning of human occupation at ∼6 cal kyr BP. Two maxima of humidity are recorded in the late Holocene, corresponding to the arrival of trees in the depression. No gap was to be found from the Early Bronze to the Iron ages cultures at this time, with the exception of a dry interval at ∼3.6–3.3 cal kyr BP, when the Minusinsk depression was sparsely occupied. The data obtained suggest a close relationship between climate change and cultural dynamics in the steppe zone of Southern Siberia.

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Section: Environmental Change and Cultural Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronology of Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes and their Connection to Cultural Dynamics in Southern Siberia

Dirksen¹,

Geel

Koulkova

et al. 2007

Radiocarbon

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“…The current scheme of the Bronze Age radiocarbon chronology in the Eurasian steppe has documented comparative dates for an extended number of sites located in the Volga region, the Urals, and Siberia (Gorsdorf et al 2004;Hanks et al 2007;Shishlina et al 2007). The 14 C sequence corresponds to the period 2800-800 BC, which is associated with the main conventional phases of the Bronze Age: Early, Middle, Late, and Final.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calendar Age of Lisakovsky Timbers Attributed to Andronovo Community of Bronze Age in Eurasia

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. We measured radiocarbon ages of 22 decadal replications and 1 bulk group from 5 tree-ring specimens using acid-base-acid pretreatment and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The study has the goal of refining the precision and resolution of a segment of the conventional Bronze Age chronology in the Eurasian steppe attributed to the multicultural community known as Andronovo. The archaeological timbers were gathered from 3 cemeteries at the Lisakovsky cluster of sites in Kazakhstan, where there is a prominent Andronovo occurrence that appears to show evidence of overlapping Alakul and Fedorovo cultures in the southern margin of the Eurasian steppe. The new set of Andronovo calendar dates derived from 14 C wiggles and a composite floating tree-ring chronology places the cultural overlap from 1780 to 1660 cal BC. Results indicate older ages of artifacts from the Lisakovsky site than were previously determined by the typological chronology, shifting them from the Late Bronze Age to also include the transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The chronological order of the Lisakovsky cemeteries provides strong evidence of contemporaneity of the Alakul and Fedorovo cultures in the Tobol River Valley for a portion of the 120-yr period of occupation. We discuss an application of the dated Alakul-Fedorovo overlap to the relationship and origin of different groups of the Andronovo community in the Ural region. Our results demonstrate the substantial power that tree rings from Bronze Age timbers provide for developing a precise and highly resolved calendar chronology of prehistoric human occupation in the Eurasian steppe during the 2nd millennium BC.

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“…This was a stockbreeding culture that used metal (copper) (Vadetskaya 1986). Krasnienko (2003) Semenov (2004) 40003000 ( (2004) Krasnienko (2003) 810730 (27602680) Tagar (beginning) Minusinsk depression Görsdorf et al (2004) Among the Afanasievo sites in the Nazarovo depression, there are not only kurgans but settlements such as Oraki, Ashkil, and Glyadel VIII (Krasnienko 2002). In the Altai region, according to Gryaznov (1999), the Afanasievo sites date to 5750-4850 cal BP (3800-2900 cal BC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison, the data on climatic changes in the southern area of western Siberia were used (Orlova and Zykina 2002;Orlova et al 2007;Bezrukova et al 2008). The periodization and chronology of ancient cultures of that territory have been studied thoroughly (Vadetskaya 1986;Bokovenko 1997;Krasnienko and Subbotin 1997;Erlich 1999;Gryaznov 1999;Alekseev et al 2001Alekseev et al , 2005Chugunov et al 2001Chugunov et al , 2006Chugunov et al , 2007Görsdorf et al 2001Görsdorf et al , 2004Vasiliev 2001;Krasnienko 2002Krasnienko , 2003Vdovina 2004;Zaitseva et al 2004Zaitseva et al , 2005. Table 1 presents the chronological boundaries of archaeological cultures from different parts of southern Siberia based on archaeological and 14 C data.…”

Section: Descriptive Background and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Holocene Climate on the Development of Prehistoric Societies in Southern Siberia

Kulkova

Krasnienko²

2010

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. Geochemical data of 10 Be, 14 C,  18 O obtained from natural archives (tree rings, ice sheets, varves, corals) indicates that the climate during the Holocene was not stable. The cosmogenic isotope fluctuations are bound by the periodicity on solar activity and climatic changes. The sharpest and most abrupt climatic deteriorations are registered in the Early and Middle Holocene at 8200, 5800, 5400, 4300, and 2800 cal BP. These events are characterized by cold conditions. The impact of climate on human communities in steppe depressions in southern Siberia (Nazarovo, Minusinsk, and Turano-Uyuk) was noticeable. The differences of local landscape-climatic conditions in these depressions were connected with global climatic changes to determine the processes of occupation, development, and migrations of ancient societies during the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The chronology of archaeological cultures was also correlated with the local and global climatic changes during the Early and Middle Holocene in southern Siberia. Here, we generalize the literature data about Holocene climatic changes and archaeological cultures in the southern Siberia region.

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14C Dating of the Siberian Steppe Zone from Bronze Age to Scythian Time

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Chronology of Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes and their Connection to Cultural Dynamics in Southern Siberia

Chronology of Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes and their Connection to Cultural Dynamics in Southern Siberia

Calendar Age of Lisakovsky Timbers Attributed to Andronovo Community of Bronze Age in Eurasia

The Impact of Holocene Climate on the Development of Prehistoric Societies in Southern Siberia

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