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Zhang, Peifen; Wang, Yibin; Zhang, Jianbo; Maddock, S. E.; Snook, M. E.; Peterson, Thomas

doi:10.1023/a:1023942819106

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…p1 and p2 are the principle regulatory genes of the flavone pathway necessary for maysin synthesis. Although under distinct tissue-specific regulation p1 and p2 encode exchangeable products [42]. Based on our model, which is enhanced by the p2-t sequence from teosinte, the progenitor of modern maize, the ancestral p gene might have had a similar expression pattern as p2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Change of Gene Structure and Function by Non-Homologous End-Joining, Homologous Recombination, and Transposition of DNA

Goettel

Messing

2009

PLoS Genet

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An important objective in genome research is to relate genome structure to gene function. Sequence comparisons among orthologous and paralogous genes and their allelic variants can reveal sequences of functional significance. Here, we describe a 379-kb region on chromosome 1 of maize that enables us to reconstruct chromosome breakage, transposition, non-homologous end-joining, and homologous recombination events. Such a high-density composition of various mechanisms in a small chromosomal interval exemplifies the evolution of gene regulation and allelic diversity in general. It also illustrates the evolutionary pace of changes in plants, where many of the above mechanisms are of somatic origin. In contrast to animals, somatic alterations can easily be transmitted through meiosis because the germline in plants is contiguous to somatic tissue, permitting the recovery of such chromosomal rearrangements. The analyzed region contains the P1-wr allele, a variant of the genetically well-defined p1 gene, which encodes a Myb-like transcriptional activator in maize. The P1-wr allele consists of eleven nearly perfect P1-wr 12-kb repeats that are arranged in a tandem head-to-tail array. Although a technical challenge to sequence such a structure by shotgun sequencing, we overcame this problem by subcloning each repeat and ordering them based on nucleotide variations. These polymorphisms were also critical for recombination and expression analysis in presence and absence of the trans-acting epigenetic factor Ufo1. Interestingly, chimeras of the p1 and p2 genes, p2/p1 and p1/p2, are framing the P1-wr cluster. Reconstruction of sequence amplification steps at the p locus showed the evolution from a single Myb-homolog to the multi-gene P1-wr cluster. It also demonstrates how non-homologous end-joining can create novel gene fusions. Comparisons to orthologous regions in sorghum and rice also indicate a greater instability of the maize genome, probably due to diploidization following allotetraploidization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The duplication of an ancestral p gene gave rise to the p2 and p1 genes that encode functionally interchangeable proteins [42]. However, both genes differ in their regulatory sequences and hence in their tissue-specific expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Gene Structure and Function by Non-Homologous End-Joining, Homologous Recombination, and Transposition of DNA

Goettel

Messing

2009

PLoS Genet

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“…In our study QTL were detected in the B73o2/o2 x CML161 testcross population for reducing aflatoxin located at marker UMC2096, which is at the same location as the gene p2. Tlie p2 has been reported the same as pi, including as affecting maysin production, suggesting that this QTL for reducing aflatoxin could be related to maysin (Zhang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

et al. 2011

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Aflatoxins, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr, constrain maize (Zea mays) production in some regions. Difficulties in breeding resistance to this toxin make it a good target for quantitative trait iocus (QTL) identification and molecular-assisted breeding. Multiple QTL have been identified for aflatoxin resistance in inbred lines per se; however, it has not been determined if aflatoxin resistance QTL would be useful in hybrids or have deleterious pleiotropic effects. The objectives were to confirm the presence, in testcrosses, of QTL estimates previously identified in lines per se; estimate new QTL for reducing aflatoxin accumulations and agronomic traits in hybrids; and evaluate co-localization of QTL that suggest pleiotropic effects with measured traits. Plant height, flowering time, starch, oil, and protein were also included in the analysis. Significant environment and genetic x environment interaction were detected for most traits. Heritability estimates were equivalent to those previously reported, and no meaningful correlations were detected between aflatoxin accumulation and other traits. Ninety-three QTL were detected across 14 traits measured in five environments. Aflatoxin-reducing QTL detected in per se analyses were detected in testcrosses on chromosome 1, with new QTL detected on chromosomes 3, 4, 8, and 9. Co-localization of aflatoxin-reducing QTL detected on chromosome 9 with QTL for silking date suggests a pleiotropic effect based on avoidance or agronomics and not a resistance QTL.

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“…Genomic DNA from the single copy P1-rr allele was used as a reference, and the P1-wr cluster from B73 as an example of the multi-copy P1 allele. The primers used are specific for P1 , and do not hybridize on the P2 gene, an ortholog of P1 that is not involved in phlobaphene pigmentation [24]. Figure 3A shows the different high altitude landraces, inbred line B73 and P1-rr kernels at the same magnification, presenting different color or colorless of the pericarp and the stalk corresponding with the color of the cobs from which genomic DNA was extracted to analyze the P1 copy number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the P1promoter in response to UV-B radiation in allelic variants of high-altitude maize

Rius

Grotewold

2012

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundPlants living at high altitudes are typically exposed to elevated UV-B radiation, and harbor mechanisms to prevent the induced damage, such as the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds. The maize R2R3-MYB transcription factor P1 controls the accumulation of several UV-B absorbing phenolics by activating a subset of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in leaves of maize landraces adapted to high altitudes.ResultsHere, we studied the UV-B regulation of P1 in maize leaves of high altitude landraces, and we investigated how UV-B regulates P1binding to the CHS promoter in both low and high altitude lines. In addition, we analyzed whether the expansion in the P1 expression domain between these maize landraces and inbred lines is associated to changes in the molecular structure of the proximal promoter, distal enhancer and first intron of P1. Finally, using transient expression experiments in protoplasts from various maize genotypes, we investigated whether the different expression patterns of P1 in the high altitude landraces could be attributed to trans- or cis-acting elements.ConclusionsTogether, our results demonstrate that, although differences in cis-acting elements exist between the different lines under study, the different patterns of P1 expression are largely a consequence of effects in trans.

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Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

Change of Gene Structure and Function by Non-Homologous End-Joining, Homologous Recombination, and Transposition of DNA

Change of Gene Structure and Function by Non-Homologous End-Joining, Homologous Recombination, and Transposition of DNA

Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

Analysis of the P1promoter in response to UV-B radiation in allelic variants of high-altitude maize

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