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Cornish, Katrina; Brichta, Jenny L.

doi:10.1023/a:1021061805077

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, while this is unlikely to have any direct biological relevance, this effect is of particular note for industrial processing of these materials. In summary, figure 2 demonstrates that the differences observed in species can be attributed to the molecular constituents of the samples and not merely to concentration or drying time, a finding which is consistent with observations and explanations provided by [12] for industrial latex.…”

Section: Rheological Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Particle packing may account for these results, as Ficus' larger latex particles with their wider distribution may pack more efficiently than Euphorbia's smaller and narrowly distributed particles. This would enable an interconnected coagulated gel with a higher water content in Ficus [12,20] (G Bauer et al 2012, unpublished data). Alternatively, an active biochemical explanation may act to increase a latex's mechanical properties (through a curing/ cross-linking reaction) that occurs in the latex upon damage.…”

Section: Coagulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the rheological properties of native plant latex

Bauer

Friedrich

Gillig

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Plant latex, the source of natural rubber, has been of interest to mankind for millennia, with much of the research on its rheological (flow) properties focused towards industrial application. However, little is known regarding the rheology of the native material as produced by the plant, a key factor in determining latex's biological functions. In this study, we outline a method for rheological comparison between native latices that requires a minimum of preparatory steps. Our approach provides quantitative insights into the coagulation mechanisms of Euphorbia and Ficus latex allowing interpretation within a comparative evolutionary framework. Our findings reveal that in laboratory conditions both latices behave like non-Newtonian materials with the coagulation of Euphorbia latex being mediated by a slow evaporative process (more than 60 min), whereas Ficus appears to use additional biochemical components to increase the rate of coagulation (more than 30 min). Based on these results, we propose two different primary defensive roles for latex in these plants: the delivery of anti-herbivory compounds (Euphorbia) and rapid wound healing (Ficus).

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Section: Rheological Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Coagulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the rheological properties of native plant latex

Bauer

Friedrich

Gillig

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…The current protein testing methods (ASTM methods D5712-03, D6499-07 and D7247-08) are designed specifically to evaluate natural rubber products made from Hevea latex. Identifying high protein materials and promoting safer products is greatly enhanced through the vigorous utilization of these testing procedures [10,22]. Yet, these methods are intended for manufacturers and are technologically and resource dependent providing a barrier for most users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is referred to as the trace protein method in this paper. Hevea latex was established as a positive control, while nitrile (a synthetic latex) and guayule latex (an alternative natural rubber) [22] were utilized as negative controls. Furthermore, once dental dams from Patterson Dental were proven to contain high amounts of soluble protein, this brand was included as a positive control in subsequent assays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extractable protein content was quantified in 17 different samples of unframed, powdered dental dams (Table 1), Malaysia being the predominant country of manufacture, excepting one each from Sweden and the United States. Using the threshold values of 50 μg/g and 200 μg/dm 2 established as nonsensitizing protein dose levels, seven dental dam samples, from three companies, had significantly high extractable protein contents [22]. An additional seven dental dam samples, from five companies, contained low extractable protein levels.…”

Section: Dental Damsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extractable Protein Levels in Latex Products and their Associated Risks, Emphasizing American Dentistry

Cornish¹,

Bates²,

Slutzky³

et al. 2019

Biol Med

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Background: Over 8% of the US population have detectable Type I Hevea latex IgE antibodies and, upon exposure to natural latex and rubber products, are at risk for potentially dangerous reactions, especially in dental settings where these products are exposed to mucosal membranes. Methods: Extractable antigenic protein levels were quantified in dental dams, examination gloves, and various other dental and rubber products. ASTM standards D6499 (antigenic protein) and D5712 (total protein) were used to quantify the protein content. Results: In dental dams, extractable protein content ranged from <3 to 130-200 μg/dm 2 , which are generally accepted by regulatory bodies to be low/nonsensitizing levels and high/potentially sensitizing levels, respectively. In addition, although examination gloves from Malaysian glove manufacturers consistently exhibited a lower extractable protein content (<9 μg/dm 2) than gloves from Thai manufacturers (16-23 μg/dm 2), these levels are both below the 50 μg protein/g latex film threshold accepted by FDA and used by manufactures. There was no correlation between extractable protein content and the price or thickness of dental dams or examination gloves. Most of the other assorted dental products tested displayed low extractable protein content (<2.5 μg/dm 2). Nearly all dental products made from natural rubber contained detectable antigenic Hevea proteins, subjecting previously sensitized patients and providers to risk of severe allergic reaction. A case study describes a female patient, with no previous history of Type I latex allergy, reacted severely to a dental dam mouth exposure, necessitating her admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a local hospital for management of respiratory failure, with discharge after 4 days. Conclusions: It is clear that some dental products may pose a significant risk of Type I latex protein allergy sensitization, due to repeated contact, and that a single exposure can induce a severe reaction in a previously sensitized person, even when no prior latex allergy history is known.

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Rubber, Guayule

Cornish

Schloman

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum ) is a rubber‐producing woody shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico and Texas. Guayule produces linear, high molecular weight natural rubber that can have physical properties and applications equivalent to those of Hevea ( Hevea brasiliensis ) rubber. Guayule rubber can be extracted as a solid bulk polymer or as a latex. Guayule also is one of very few rubber‐producing plants to have ever been used commercially for rubber production. Although guayule rubber was commercially produced in the early part of the last century, more recent efforts to reinstate production have not led to commercial success because the production costs of bulk rubber were too high to permit direct competition with Hevea rubber. Guayule commercialization has been revitalized in recent years by use of the plant to produce low protein hypoallergenic latex, a higher value rubber raw material.

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Untitled

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Investigating the rheological properties of native plant latex

Investigating the rheological properties of native plant latex

Extractable Protein Levels in Latex Products and their Associated Risks, Emphasizing American Dentistry

Rubber, Guayule

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