14. The Development of Infant-Mother Attachment

Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter

doi:10.7312/bels91552-016

Cited by 279 publications

(354 citation statements)

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“…the representation of attachment relationships (Main 1990). Mary Ainsworth (1973) (Ainsworth et al 1978) revised the sequence of phases for the development of attachment and substantiated this with the expertise of infants' developmental processes of that time. In her conception, the first phase, undiscriminating responses, covers the first 3 months, the second phase, discriminating behavior, extends from 3 to 6 months, and the third phase, formation of secure base, is terminated by 24 months.…”

Section: Attachment and New Developments In Infancy Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Attachment—Past and Present. But What About the Future?

Keller

2008

Integr. psych. behav.

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This essay acknowledges the seminal contribution of the founders of attachment theory and research as a paradigm shift in understanding the importance of the socioemotional foundation of developmental processes. However, it is surprising that attachment theory has been treated as a closed system by its students with remarkable resistance to change and further development of theory and methodology. Especially three dimensions are identified that would help to advance attachment theory as a valid conception also for the future. The context specificity of evolutionary theorizing, the different socialization goals and parenting strategies across cultures and the new insights in infant development need to be taken into consideration in order to develop a valid theory of socioemotional development as the culturally informed solution of universal developmental tasks.

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Section: Attachment and New Developments In Infancy Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Attachment—Past and Present. But What About the Future?

Keller

2008

Integr. psych. behav.

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“…Warmth and acceptance from caregivers lead children to view themselves positively, as lovable and worthwhile people (Bowlby, 1969;Elicker, Englund, & Sroufe, 1992). Additionally, maternal warmth is important as this positive relationship with the mother provides a "secure base," where the child knows he can rely on his mother's help if his capabilities are insufficient to handle a situation (Ainsworth, 1973;Sroufe, 1996). Attachment theory, and the research work extending from it, suggest that children who experience maternal warmth and acceptance might be buffered from the development of negative outcomes in response to stressful situations in two ways: positive self-concepts, and maternal assistance with the development of coping strategies through discussion and active processing.…”

Section: ) Detroitmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Maternal Acceptance in the Relation Between Community Violence Exposure and Child Functioning

Bailey

Hannigan

Delaney‐Black

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Children in the United States are exposed to considerable community violence that has been linked to child functioning. However, not all those exposed, experience negative outcomes. Recent research has focused on factors that "buffer" or protect children from negative consequences of violence exposure. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential buffering or moderating role of maternal acceptance in the relationship between community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems. Subjects were 268 urban African American first graders. Community violence exposure was significantly related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, but did not correlate with either internalizing or externalizing problems for all children, after control for demographics, maternal mental health, and general life stress. However, children's perceptions of maternal acceptance moderated the relationship between violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems which included being withdrawn, anxious-depressed, and demonstrating delinquent behavior. Children with the lowest levels of self-reported maternal acceptance were most impacted by community violence. In this sample of urban first graders, low levels of maternal acceptance placed children at greater risk for adverse outcomes associated with community violence exposure compared to moderate and high levels of maternal acceptance.

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“…Part of the work of attachment theorists (Ainsworth 1973;Bowlby 1969), focused on the types of attachments that are formed between children and their caregivers, mainly their mothers. For hundreds of hours in both Uganda and Baltimore, Ainsworth (1967) observed infant-mother pairs to categorize both ''secure base behavior[s] and how they coped with stress'' (Sroufe 2003, p. 470).…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Disturbance of Attachment

Corbin

2007

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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The etiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) are discussed utilizing a psychodynamically-informed biopsychosocial approach. Early trauma in childhood attachment experiences alters the structures, neuro-chemicals, and connectivity of the brain. The neurobiological effects of childhood neglect equal and even surpass the impact of abuse and related trauma. This paper discusses structures in the brain involved in early emotional and attachment experiences and how they are affected by pathogenic caregiving, the absence of caregivers, or the disruption of the early caregiving environment. All three types of neglect affect the ability of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis to regulate the body and brain's response to stress in a significant and enduring way.

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14. The Development of Infant-Mother Attachment

Cited by 279 publications

References 0 publications

Attachment—Past and Present. But What About the Future?

Attachment—Past and Present. But What About the Future?

The Role of Maternal Acceptance in the Relation Between Community Violence Exposure and Child Functioning

Reactive Attachment Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Disturbance of Attachment

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