14 C-Carbaryl Residues in Hazelnut

Abstract

A hazelnut ocak (shrub growing form) in the field in Black Sea region of Turkey was treated with commercial carbaryl insecticide spiked with 14C-carbaryl. Three months later, the harvested hazelnuts were separated into husk, shell, and kernel components, then homogenized and analyzed. The total and unextractable (bound) 14C-residues were determined by combustion and the extractable 14C-residues were obtained by extracting the samples with methanol. Concentrated extracts were first analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The extracts were also subjected to a series of liquid-liquid extraction procedures for clean-up and the final extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Crude hazelnut oil was also extracted with hexane and analyzed for total 14C-residue. A total of 1.3% of applied radioactivity was recovered from the total nut harvested, with 0.04%, 0.06%, and 1.2% present in shell, kernel, and husk, respectively. The results show that the inedible husk and shell contained 95.7% 14C, whereas the edible kernel contained 4.3% of the total 14C recovered. The terminal 14C-residue in hazelnut kernel and oil did not contain carbaryl and/or its metabolite naphthol.

Direct Estimation of Carbaryl by Gas Liquid Chromatography with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detection

“…, thin layer chromatography (Yucel et al 2006), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Yucel et al 2006;Gebreegzi et al 2000;Biswas et al 2010), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Abad and Montoya 1995;Sun et al 2010) which are characterized by high precision and sensitivity. Keeping in view its widespread use, it was planned to standardize an analytical methodology based on gas chromatography which may allow direct estimation of residues of carbaryl without any derivatization process in various substrates comprising grape berries, kinnow pulps, kinnow rind and soil.…”