14.85 µW Analog Front-End for Photoplethysmography Acquisition with 142-dBΩ Gain and 64.2-pArms Noise

Lin, Binghui; Atef, Mohamed; Wang, Guoxing

doi:10.3390/s19030512

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…3 is established in Matlab/SIMULINK. We use the PPG acquisition sensor [26] to collect PPG data when the HR accelerates first and then keeps smooth. The first simulation compares two scenarios: 1) the output window of the AHBLL, 2) the output window of the HBLL.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Power Heart Rate Sensor with Adaptive Heartbeat Locked Loop

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the widely used noninvasive heart rate (HR) monitoring techniques in wearable devices. Lighting of the LED dominates the power consumption of a PPG sensor. Lowering the LED lighting duration is an effectively approach to save power. This paper proposes an adaptive heartbeat locked loop (AHBLL) technique, which can dynamically adjust the dividing ratio N according to the heart rate derivative (HRD). In this way, the LED pulse duty cycle can be significantly reduced to save power. To improve the robustness of the AHBLL system, the relationship between HRD and the dividing ratio N is theoretically analyzed, which provides an optimal design guideline. To verify the proposed technique, an HR sensing circuit including an HRD detector is designed and simulated. The results show that the LED power consumption is reduced by 2.2∼3.3× compared with the state-of-the-art heartbeat locked loop (HBLL) technique.

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Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Power Heart Rate Sensor with Adaptive Heartbeat Locked Loop

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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“…This design has not yet been fabricated, however floating gate designs are one of the promising areas that improve pulse oximeters. In [51], automatic gain control is used to reduce the power consumption. When the photocurrent is very large, the gain control halves the gain of the amplifying blocks.…”

Section: A Pulse Oximetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearables for the Next Pandemic

Hedayatipour

McFarlane

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper reviews the current state of the art in wearable sensors, including current challenges, that can alleviate the loads on hospitals and medical centers. During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020, healthcare systems were overwhelmed by people with mild to severe symptoms needing care. A careful study of pandemics and their symptoms in the past 100 years reveals common traits that should be monitored for managing the health and economic costs. Cheap, low power, and portable multi-modalsensors that detect the common symptoms can be stockpiled and ready for the next pandemic. These sensors include temperature sensors for fever monitoring, pulse oximetry sensors for blood oxygen levels, impedance sensors for thoracic impedance, and other state sensors that can be integrated into a single system and connected to a smartphone or data center. Both research and commercial medically approved devices are reviewed with an emphasis on the electronics required to realize the sensing. The performance characteristics, such as accuracy, power, resolution, and size of each sensor modality are critically examined. A discussion of the characteristics, research challenges, and features of an ideal integrated wearable system is also presented.

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“…In general, for biomedical applications, the development of optical sensing devices requires low-cost and portable technology operating in low-voltage, low-power conditions. These requirements can be fulfilled by employing integrated optoelectronics sensors in standard CMOS technology combined with digital-based pulse-wave analysis techniques [9,10]. Optical sensor systems are also widely used in other fields of safety-healthcare applications, such as in wearable prosthetic systems [11][12][13][14], where a single or array of sensors are designed to increase the day-to-day patient life quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 180 nm CMOS Integrated Optoelectronic Sensing System for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2022

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This paper reports on a CMOS fully integrated optoelectronic sensing system composed of a Si photodiode and a transimpedance amplifier acting as the electronic analog front-end for the conditioning of the photocurrent generated by the photodiode. The proposed device has been specifically designed and fabricated for wearable/portable/implantable biomedical applications. The massive employment of sensor systems in different industrial and medical fields requires the development of small sensing devices that, together with suitable electronic analog front ends, must be designed to be integrated into proper standard CMOS technologies. Concerning biomedical applications, these devices must be as small as possible, making them non-invasive, comfortable tools for patients and operating with a reduced supply voltage and power consumption. In this sense, optoelectronic solutions composed of a semiconductor light source and a photodiode fulfill these requirements while also ensuring high compatibility with biological tissues. The reported optoelectronic sensing system is implemented and fabricated in TSMC 180 nm integrated CMOS technology and combines a Si photodiode based on a PNP junction with a Si area of 0.01 mm2 and a transimpedance amplifier designed at a transistor level requiring a Si area of 0.002 mm2 capable to manage up to nanoampere input currents generated by the photodiode. The transimpedance amplifier is powered at a 1.8 V single supply showing a maximum power consumption of about 54 μW, providing a high transimpedance gain that is tunable up to 123 dBΩ with an associated bandwidth of about 500 kHz. The paper reports on both the working principle of the developed ASIC and the experimental measurements for its full electrical and optoelectronic characterizations. Moreover, as case-examples of biomedical applications, the proposed integrated sensing system has also been validated through the optical detection of emulated standard electrocardiography and photoplethysmography signal patterns.

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14.85 µW Analog Front-End for Photoplethysmography Acquisition with 142-dBΩ Gain and 64.2-pArms Noise

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

A Low-Power Heart Rate Sensor with Adaptive Heartbeat Locked Loop

A Low-Power Heart Rate Sensor with Adaptive Heartbeat Locked Loop

Wearables for the Next Pandemic

A 180 nm CMOS Integrated Optoelectronic Sensing System for Biomedical Applications

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