13C relaxation in natural diamond

Reynhardt, E. C.; Terblanche, Cornelis J.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00309-6

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[1]), respectively. The shapes of EPR and NMR absorption lines can be approximated (22) by either a Gaussian function…”

Section: ϫ6mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[1]. The distances R, ␦, and ␤, which define spheres round each of the paramagnetic centers, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Nuclear Spin Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in natural diamond 13 C (natural abundance 1.1%) spin-lattice relaxation times vary between a few hours and hundreds of hours depending on the paramagnetic impurity levels in the sample (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin lattice relaxation of spin‐½ nuclei in solids containing diluted paramagnetic impurity centers. I. Zeeman polarization of nuclear spin system

Reynhardt

2003

Concepts Magnetic Resonance

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Spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins in solids in the presence of low concentrations of paramagnetic centers are discussed. Apart from the electron spin-lattice relaxation mechanism, three-spin processes involving two electron spins and a nuclear spin may also play a role in the spin-lattice relaxation of the nuclear spins. Nuclear spins that are close to a paramagnetic impurity center experience large local fields and do not contribute to the NMR signal. Only a small percentage of nuclear spins surrounding an impurity center are polarized directly. The majority of the nuclear spins are polarized by spin diffusion, which is a slow process. A brief overview of a number of paramagnetic impurity centers, which are common in natural diamond, is given and experimental 13 C spin-lattice relaxation times for a suite of natural diamonds are compared with calculated values.

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“…[1]), respectively. The shapes of EPR and NMR absorption lines can be approximated (22) by either a Gaussian function…”

Section: ϫ6mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[1]. The distances R, ␦, and ␤, which define spheres round each of the paramagnetic centers, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Nuclear Spin Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin lattice relaxation of spin‐½ nuclei in solids containing diluted paramagnetic impurity centers. I. Zeeman polarization of nuclear spin system

Reynhardt

2003

Concepts Magnetic Resonance

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“…The nuclear spin-spin relaxation time, T 2o, also can be used to compute the diffusion constant using D = 2 ro2/T2 where ro is the proton van der Waals radius (0.117 nm) (Asano and Takegoshi, 1998). Reynhardt and Terblanche (1996) and van Wyk et ai. (1997) give the spin diffusion constant for J3C relaxation in natural diamond, containing paramagnetic impurities as D = a 2 /(50 T2I) where a is the average distance between the I spins (J3C).…”

Section: Nuclear Spin Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation Times of Organic Radicals and Transition Metal Ions

Eaton

2002

Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR

152

165

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Abstract:Review of electron spin relaxation times for organic radicals and transition metal ions in magnetically dilute samples. Emphasis is placed on studies that have been performed as a function of temperature and that provide insight into the relaxation processes. INTRODUCTION Scope of this ChapterMost of the methods for determining distances between spins (ch.l) are either experimentally feasible or theoretically applicable for a limited range of electron spin relaxation times. For example, analysis of the dipolar contribution to the CW line shape to determine interspin distance requires that the relaxation rate for the interacting partner is slow enough that the dipolar splitting is not collapsed by electron spin relaxation. In addition, analysis of the line shapes assumes that spectra are obtained under nonsaturating conditions and are free from passage effects. Application of methods based on changes in relaxation times requires that the relaxation rate of the interacting partner fall within certain limits. The longest distance that can be obtained by pulsed techniques is limited, in principle, by the relaxation-determined width of an individual spin packet. Thus, knowledge of electron spin relaxation times is foundational to the methodologies presented in this book.

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“…The inherent difficulty with this technique is the low sensitivity of nuclear Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Nanotechnology (Chang et al 2008b(Chang et al ), copyright 2008 magnetism in combination with the low natural abundance of spin-active 13 C (1.1%) relative to 12 C. Methods to overcome this limitation include the production of nanodiamond grown from 13 C-rich sources and the use of nuclear hyperpolarisation (Hoch and Reynhardt 1988;Reynhardt and Terblanche 1997) which can dramatically increase the nuclear resonance signal.…”

Section: Detection Imaging and Tracking In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

et al. 2011

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In recent years, nanodiamonds have emerged from primarily an industrial and mechanical applications base, to potentially underpinning sophisticated new technologies in biomedical and quantum science. Nanodiamonds are relatively inexpensive, biocompatible, easy to surface functionalise and optically stable. This combination of physical properties are ideally suited to biological applications, including intracellular labelling and tracking, extracellular drug delivery and adsorptive detection of bioactive molecules. Here we describe some of the methods and challenges for processing nanodiamond materials, detection schemes and some of the leading applications currently under investigation.

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13C relaxation in natural diamond

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Spin lattice relaxation of spin‐½ nuclei in solids containing diluted paramagnetic impurity centers. I. Zeeman polarization of nuclear spin system

Spin lattice relaxation of spin‐½ nuclei in solids containing diluted paramagnetic impurity centers. I. Zeeman polarization of nuclear spin system

Relaxation Times of Organic Radicals and Transition Metal Ions

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

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