13C and 15N natural abundance of the soil microbial biomass

Dijkstra, Paul; Ishizu, Ayaka; Doucett, Richard R.; Hart, Stephen C.; Schwartz, Egbert; Menyailo, O. V.; Hungate, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.005

Cited by 233 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The concentrations of the most abundant nutrients are summarized in Table 1. In the initial soils, total C content fluctuates around 700 µg C g −1 . Microbial C reached up to 50 µg C g −1 , which is a value also found in semi-arid grassland soils (Dijkstra et al, 2006), indicating a high turnover rate of C (Table 1). This is in agreement with soil respiration rates, which are in the range of 130 µg C g −1 a −1 (Gülland et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Development Of Initial C and N Cyclessupporting

confidence: 57%

The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation

et al. 2013

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Soil formation is the result of a complex network of biological as well as chemical and physical processes. The role of soil microbes is of high interest, since they are responsible for most biological transformations and drive the development of stable and labile pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and other nutrients, which facilitate the subsequent establishment of plant communities. Forefields of receding glaciers provide unique chronosequences of different soil development stages and are ideal ecosystems to study the interaction of bacteria, fungi and archaea with their abiotic environment. In this review we give insights into the role of microbes for soil development. The results presented are based on studies performed within the Collaborative Research Program DFG SFB/TRR 38 (http://www.tu-cottbus.de/ecosystem ) and are supplemented by data from other studies. The review focusses on the microbiology of major steps of soil formation. Special attention is given to the development of nutrient cycles on the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and on the establishment of plant–microbe interactions

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Section: Development Of Initial C and N Cyclessupporting

confidence: 57%

The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation

et al. 2013

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“…In conventional three-pool soil carbon models, microbial biomass is treated as part of the active or fast pool, which makes up less than 5 percent of the soil organic carbon and has turnover times in the range of years or less (Parton et al, 1987;Jenkinson, 1990). The isotopic composition of microbial biomass matches that of the substrates they utilize plus a discrimination factor (Dijkstra et al, 2006) and is useful for investigating microbial metabolism and substrate utilization (Kramer and Gleixner, 2006;Garnett et al, 2011).…”

Section: S Torn Et Al: a Dual Isotope Approach To Isolate Soil Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual isotope approach to isolate soil carbon pools of different turnover times

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Soils are globally significant sources and sinks of atmospheric CO 2 . Increasing the resolution of soil carbon turnover estimates is important for predicting the response of soil carbon cycling to environmental change. We show that soil carbon turnover times can be more finely resolved using a dual isotope label like the one provided by elevated CO 2 experiments that use fossil CO 2 . We modeled each soil physical fraction as two pools with different turnover times using the atmospheric 14 C bomb spike in combination with the label in 14 C and 13 C provided by an elevated CO 2 experiment in a California annual grassland.In sandstone and serpentine soils, the light fraction carbon was 21-54 % fast cycling with 2-9 yr turnover, and 36-79 % slow cycling with turnover slower than 100 yr. This validates model treatment of the light fraction as active and intermediate cycling carbon. The dense, mineral-associated fraction also had a very dynamic component, consisting of ∼ 7 % fast-cycling carbon and ∼ 93 % very slow cycling carbon. Similarly, half the microbial biomass carbon in the sandstone soil was more than 5 yr old, and 40 % of the carbon respired by microbes had been fixed more than 5 yr ago.Resolving each density fraction into two pools revealed that only a small component of total soil carbon is responsible for most CO 2 efflux from these soils. In the sandstone soil, 11 % of soil carbon contributes more than 90 % of the annual CO 2 efflux. The fact that soil physical fractions, designed to isolate organic material of roughly homogeneous physico-chemical state, contain material of dramatically different turnover times is consistent with recent observations of rapid isotope incorporation into seemingly stable fractions and with emerging evidence for hot spots or micro-site variation of decomposition within the soil matrix. Predictions of soil carbon storage using a turnover time estimated with the assumption of a single pool per density fraction would greatly overestimate the near-term response to changes in productivity or decomposition rates. Therefore, these results suggest a slower initial change in soil carbon storage due to environmental change than has been assumed by simpler (one-pool) mass balance calculations.

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“…(ii) During preferential substrate decomposition certain readily decomposable substances, such as amino acids and sugars, contain higher δ C concentrations, while more stable components such as lignin or lipids tend towards negative δ C signatures. (iii) Rapid growth of microbiological biomass can also increase the proportion of C (Dijkstra et al 2006); hence, it has significantly higher values compared to SOM (Werth and Kuzyakov 2010). Continuous SOM maturation by microbes can gradually increase δ C (Gunina and Kuzyakov 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although excluding the buried in situ and forest samples, a strong inverse correlation was found in eroded and deposited cultivated soil samples. Dijkstra et al (2006) found this relationship to be inverse, both in the cases of total SOM and microbiological biomass. This relates to the parallel enrichment of stable isotopes during transformation and maturation processes.…”

Section: Connection Between Stable Isotopes and Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

A 300-year record of sedimentation in a small tilled catena in Hungary based on δ13C, δ15N, and C/N distribution

et al. 2018

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Purpose Soil erosion is one of the most serious hazards that endanger sustainable food production. Moreover, it has marked\ud effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) with direct links to global warming. At the same time, soil organic matter (SOM) changes in\ud composition and space could influence these processes. The aim of this study was to predict soil erosion and sedimentation\ud volume and dynamics on a typical hilly cropland area of Hungary due to forest clearance in the early eighteenth century.\ud Materials and methods Horizontal soil samples were taken along two parallel intensively cultivated complex convex-concave\ud slopes from the eroded upper parts at mid-slope positions and from sedimentation in toe-slopes. Samples were measured for SOC,\ud total nitrogen (TN) content, and SOMcompounds (δ13C, δ15N, and photometric indexes). They were compared to the horizons of\ud an in situ non-eroded profile under continuous forest. On the depositional profile cores, soil depth prior to sedimentation was\ud calculated by the determination of sediment thickness.\ud Results and discussion Peaks of SOC in the sedimentation profiles indicated thicker initial profiles, while peaks in C/N ratio and\ud δ13C distribution showed the original surface to be ~ 20 cm lower. Peaks of SOC were presumed to be the results of deposition of\ud SOC-enriched soil from the upper slope transported by selective erosion of finer particles (silts and clays). Therefore, changes in\ud δ13C values due to tillage and delivery would fingerprint the original surface much better under the sedimentation scenario than\ud SOC content. Distribution of δ13C also suggests that the main sedimentation phase occurred immediately after forest clearance\ud and before the start of intense cultivation with maize.\ud Conclusions This highlights the role of relief in sheet erosion intensity compared to intensive cultivation. Patterns of δ13C\ud indicate the original soil surface, even in profiles deposited as sediment centuries ago. The δ13C and C/N decrease in buried in\ud situ profiles had the same tendency as recent forest soil, indicating constant SOM quality distribution after burial. Accordingly,\ud microbiological activity, root uptake, and metabolism have not been effective enough to modify initial soil properties

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13C and 15N natural abundance of the soil microbial biomass

Cited by 233 publications

References 51 publications

The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation

The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation

A dual isotope approach to isolate soil carbon pools of different turnover times

A 300-year record of sedimentation in a small tilled catena in Hungary based on δ13C, δ15N, and C/N distribution

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