138: Evaluation of Varicella Vaccination Program in Taiwan

Tseng, Hung-Fu; Tan, Hsiu-Fen; Chiu, Sss

doi:10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s35a

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, for our exploratory analysis, we estimated that the annual national burden of varicella in Thailand could be approximately 33.4 million USD or 1,042.6 million THB (assuming a 1.4% hospitalization rate for varicella), and approximately 45.1 million USD or 1,409.3 million THB (assuming a 6% hospitalization rate for varicella) [ 17 , 18 ] ( S1 Fig ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of varicella in Bangkok, Thailand: A multicenter medical chart review study

Samant,

Pawaskar,

Chaisavaneeyakorn

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Our multicenter, medical chart review, cost-of-illness study used a micro-costing approach to evaluate the economic burden associated with varicella in Bangkok, Thailand, from a societal perspective. We reviewed medical charts of adults and children with a primary diagnosis of varicella (2014–2018) from 4 hospitals in Bangkok. Reported healthcare resource utilization and missed school or workdays were extracted from medical charts. Mean direct, indirect, and total costs per patient were estimated for overall, adult, and pediatric patients (2020 USD). Of the 200 children and 60 adults, 99.6%, 5.4%, and 5.4% had a varicella-related outpatient visit, emergency department visit, and hospitalization, respectively. The mean direct medical cost was 33 USD for pediatric and adult patients. The mean cost of outpatient visits (8 vs 13 USD, P<0.001) and medications (7 vs 9 USD, P<0.001) was significantly lower among pediatric patients. Forty-eight children reported a mean of 5.8 school days lost, and 32 adult patients reported a mean of 7.4 workdays lost. The mean total cost per varicella patient was 89 USD, with the mean total cost higher for adult than pediatric patients (145 vs 72 USD, P<0.001). Indirect cost accounted for 63% of the total cost per patient (54% for pediatric patients and 77% for adult patients). There is a substantial economic burden associated with patients seeking varicella-related healthcare in Thailand, including considerable indirect costs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of varicella in Bangkok, Thailand: A multicenter medical chart review study

Samant,

Pawaskar,

Chaisavaneeyakorn

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Fifteen studies reported BCRs [ 49 , 67 , 72 , 74 – 76 , 80 , 90 – 97 ], of which only four reported positive ratios from the healthcare perspective [ 49 , 67 , 72 , 94 ]. Three of these were set in Germany where the health insurer provides an allowance to parents off work to look after a sick child (Kinderkrankengeld), which is included in the healthcare perspective [ 49 , 67 , 94 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, a free standing programme in susceptible adolescents slightly outperformed a childhood programme either by itself or with a catch up (0.73 vs 0.61 and 0.6, respectively) [ 92 ]. The single option studies consistently reported BCRs below one from the healthcare perspective (0.54 [ 93 ], 0.34 [ 95 ], 0.9 [ 74 ], 0.3 [ 96 ], 0.67 [ 76 ], 0.36 [ 97 ]) apart from those set in Germany where Kranklengeld makes all the difference [ 49 , 67 , 94 ], and the one set in Israel with a very low vaccine price [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirdly, the results have been taken at face value with no attempt to probe their validity, for example, by replication where enough data was available. The one exception is the BCR findings, most of which proved to be based on the correct definition, but in two cases with enough data, the BCR could not be replicated [ 93 , 97 ]. Fourthly, because of our inclusive selection criteria, many of the studies examined have been assessed in other systematic reviews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of economic evaluations of varicella vaccination programmes

et al. 2023

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Objectives This study carried out a systematic literature review of economic evaluations of varicella vaccination programmes from the earliest publication to the present day, including programmes in the workplace and in special risk groups as well as universal childhood vaccination and catch up programmes. Methods Articles published from 1985 until 2022 were sourced from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, NHSEED and Econlit. Eligible economic evaluations, which included posters and conference abstracts, were identified by two reviewers who scrutinised each other’s selections at both title and abstract and full report stages. The studies are described in terms of their methodological characteristics. Their results are aggregated by type of vaccination programme and the nature of the economic outcome. Results A total of 2575 articles were identified of which 79 qualified as economic evaluations. A total of 55 studies focused on universal childhood vaccination, 10 on the workplace and 14 on high risk groups. Twenty-seven studies reported estimates of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, 16 reported benefit-cost ratios, 20 reported cost-effectiveness outcomes in terms of incremental cost per event or life saved and 16 reported cost-cost offset results. Most studies of universal childhood vaccination reported an increase in overall costs to health services, but often a reduction in cost from a societal perspective. Conclusions The evidence surrounding the cost-effectiveness of varicella vaccination programmes remains sparse with contrasting conclusions in some areas. Future research should particularly aim to encompass the impact of universal childhood vaccination programmes on herpes zoster among adults.

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“…Singapore and Taiwan both found that the bulk of the cost of disease was through indirect costs, lost work days for carers of affected children. 35 , 36 The pre-vaccination annual cost of varicella in Singapore and Taiwan were USD 19.08 million (1994–5) and USD 1.6 million (2002), respectively. Singapore calculated the cost-benefit ratio of introducing the varicella vaccine was 2.25:1 (approximately 2–3 USD saved compared to every 1 USD spent for the vaccine), this finding is further corroborated.…”

Section: Incidence Of Varicella and Zoster In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded spectrum of varicella disease and the need for vaccination in India

Srikanth,

Arumugam,

Jeganathan

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Varicella vaccine was first licensed in Japan and South Korea in 1989 for use in healthy children and was introduced in US in 1995. So far, 29 countries have adopted varicella vaccine in their universal immunization program (UIP). No Asian country, India included, has adopted the varicella vaccine as part of their UIP. The extra-cutaneous sites for VZV diseases are central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, the expanded disease spectrum includes vasculopathy, myelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, perforated ulcers, and gastritis. The actual disease burden of varicella is not known as most of the infected individuals may not visit the physician. The amplifiable VZV DNA will not always be detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in protracted illnesses such as vasculopathies, but demonstrable anti-VZV IgG in CSF has diagnostic value. The World Health Organization (WHO) position paper 2014 recommends two doses of varicella and zoster vaccines in targeted population. In India, varicella vaccine is not included in the UIP due to the cost and the belief that lifelong immunity occurs following primary infection. The expanded spectrum of VZV disease and the mounting body of evidence, however, suggest the need for both varicella and zoster vaccines in routine immunization schedule.

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138: Evaluation of Varicella Vaccination Program in Taiwan

Cited by 3 publications

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Economic burden of varicella in Bangkok, Thailand: A multicenter medical chart review study

Economic burden of varicella in Bangkok, Thailand: A multicenter medical chart review study

Systematic review of economic evaluations of varicella vaccination programmes

Expanded spectrum of varicella disease and the need for vaccination in India

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