137Cs Levels of Different Population Groups in Sweden

Lidén, K.; Gustafsson, Monica

doi:10.3109/05678066609170444

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…During the following decades several studies on the body burden of 137 Cs in reindeer herders in the Nordic countries and in other sub-Arctic populations were carried out (Miettinen et al, 1964;Soumela and Rahola, 1994;Hanson et al, 1996;Wright et al, 1997). Certain ecosystems were then demonstrated to be more sensitive to transfer of deposition of fission products to man, especially within the Sub-Arctic ecosystems where populations mainly lived on herding of the caribou or reindeer (Lidén 1961;Lidén and Gustafsson, 1966;UNSCEAR 1977;UNSCEAR 1982;Falk et al, 1991;Johansson and Ågren, 1994;Howard et al, 1995;. After the Partial Test Ban Treaty was signed by the superpowers in 1963, the number of atmospheric detonations decreased considerably, leading also to gradually decreasing global fallout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of 137Cs from Chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different Swedish population groups

Rääf¹,

Hubbard²,

Falk³

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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-Data from measurements on the body burden of 134 Cs, 137 Cs and 40 K in various Swedish populations between 1959 and 2001 has been compiled into a national database. The compilation is a co-operation between the Departments of Radiation Physics in Malmö and Göteborg, the National Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) and the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI). In a previous study the effective ecological half time and the associated effective dose to various Swedish populations due to internal contamination of 134 Cs and 137 Cs have been assessed using the database. In this study values of human body burden have been combined with data on the local and regional ground deposition of fallout from nuclear weapons tests (only 137 Cs) and Chernobyl debris (both 134 Cs and 137 Cs), which have enabled estimates of the radioecological transfer in the studied populations.The assessment of the database shows that the transfer of radiocesium from Chernobyl fallout to humans varies considerably between various populations in Sweden. In terms of committed effective dose over a 70 y period from internal contamination per unit activity deposition, the general (predominantly urban) Swedish population obtains 20-30 µSv/kBq m -2 . Four categories of populations exhibit higher radioecological transfer than the general population; i.) reindeer herders (~700 µSv/kBq m -2 ), ii.) hunters in the counties dominated by forest vegetation (~100 µSv/kBq m -2 ), iii.) rural non-farming populations living in sub-arctic areas (40-150 µSv/kBq m -2 ), and iv.) farmers (~50 µSv/kBq m -2 ). Two important factors determine the aggregate transfer from ground deposition to man; i.) dietary habits (intakes of foodstuff originating from natural and semi-natural ecosystems), and ii.) inclination to follow the recommended food restriction by the authorities. The transfer to the general population is considerably lower (~a factor of 3) for the Chernobyl fallout than during the 1960's and 70's, which is partly explained by a higher awareness of the pathways of radiocaesium to man both by the public and by the regulating authorities, and by the time-pattern of the nuclear weapons fallout during the growth season in Sweden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of 137Cs from Chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different Swedish population groups

Rääf¹,

Hubbard²,

Falk³

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The Whole-body measurement program extended in 1963 to some other places in the reindeer-raising district. The results of these measurements which are summarised below have previously published by Kurt Lidén and collaborators [8][9][10]. In Figure 8 presents the variation of the 137 Cs activity concentration during the period September 1961-March 1965 for male elderly (age 20-70a) and youngster (age 11-19a) for both the Sami people and the control group at Jokkmokk.…”

Section: Whole Body Measurements Of Reindeer Raising Samimentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The ratio of 137 Cs total body activity (Bq) and potassium content (gK) in people living in northern Sub Arctic regions consuming reindeer or caribou (Alaska). The lower curve is the average of the control groups in Lund [8].…”

Section: Summary Of the 137 Cs Activity Concentration In The Swedish mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Emitting Radionuclides in People Living in Northern Sub Arctic Regions

Persson¹

2019

Use of Gamma Radiation Techniques in Peaceful Applications

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In 1960 Caesium-137 activity from atmospheric nuclear weapons test was discovered in measurements at the whole body gamma-ray counting laboratory in Lund. This event initiated measurements of the Swedish Sami population, and in products from reindeer that bite lichens in the Swedish mountains. A semi-portable whole-body counter designed with a detection limit for 137 Cs at high radiation background areas which was good enough for measuring people with high body concentration of 137 Cs. The 137 Cs activity concentration in Sami people increased during 1963-1965 from 300 to 600 Bq/kg body weight. Some individual males had values above 1000 Bq/kg. The catastrophic nuclear accident on the 25-26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant caused a massive release of fission-and neutron-activation products to the atmosphere. Already the following day the atmospheric plume of released radioactivity reached Sweden and was deposited over the central part of Sweden also in Sami populated reindeer raising districts. During 1991 and 1992 whole-body content of 137 Cs was measured in the Sami population of northern Sweden and similar levels were found as during 1963-1965. These levels are about twice those estimated in people living in the Chernobyl contaminated area.

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“…The data originate from a group of 16 subjects who participated in urinary sample collections and whole-body assays between 1987 and 1994. The details of the group and its formation have been described earlier [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Urine Sample Collection In the Swedish And Russian Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiregression analysis on predictors determining the urinary potassium excretion and radiocaesium body burdens in two different ethnic groups

Rääf

2002

Radioprotection

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Abstract. Within the field of environmental radiology, the levels of potassium and creatinine in urine are sometimes used to estimate the 24h excretion of radiocaesium from single urine samples. This is done in order to estimate the whole-body content of radiocaesium and the associated absorbed dose rate in man. Data on human urinary potassium excretion from various sources are available in the literature, but there are clear discrepancies between the ICRP 23 values for the reference man and these data which vary with the geographical location of the population. The relationship between urinary potassium and creatinine excretion and the correlation to parameters such as age, sex, body weight and ethnicity were investigated through multiple regression analysis. The groups of adults studied were a group from the city of Lund in southern of Sweden (1987-1994) and a group from rural areas outside the city of Bryansk, Russia (1994-1997). A significant difference was found in the relationship between the urinary potassium concentration and the creatinine concentration between the Swedish and Russian subjects. The elevated potassium concentrations found in the rural Russian subjects indicate a high dietary intake of potassium, which is in accordance with results from a Russian food habit questionnaire in the Bryansk area. No significant correlations were found between urinary potassium concentration and weight or age. The significant difference in the relationship between urinary potassium and creatinine between the two populations could explain the difference of a factor of two found in estimations of the whole-body content of I37 Cs for the Russian group, depending on which of the two substances, creatinine or potassium, was used for estimation of the body burden of ,37 Cs from single urine samples.

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137Cs Levels of Different Population Groups in Sweden

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Transfer of 137Cs from Chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different Swedish population groups

Transfer of 137Cs from Chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different Swedish population groups

Gamma-Ray Emitting Radionuclides in People Living in Northern Sub Arctic Regions

Multiregression analysis on predictors determining the urinary potassium excretion and radiocaesium body burdens in two different ethnic groups

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