133Xenon inhalation method: significance of indicator maldistribution for distinguishing brain areas with impaired perfusion. An index for total flow.

Blauenstein, U. W.; Halsey, Jr Jh; Wilson, EM; Wills, EL

doi:10.1161/01.str.9.1.57

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…- 38 Ischemic insult may also cause "rate slippage," in which damaged areas of the fast-flow compartment may be inappropriately analyzed as part of the slow-flow compartment, making CBF appear increased when it is actually diminished. However, the ISI method should not be subject to errors in CBF measurement created by compartment shifts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral blood flow in humans following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Cohan

Mun

Petite

et al. 1989

Stroke

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral blood flow in humans following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Cohan

Mun

Petite

et al. 1989

Stroke

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“…1 " 10 Recent introductions of computerized reconstruction techniques makes it possible to obtain images of the brain in three dimensions. Positron emission tomography (PET) has certain advantages for measuring both blood flow and metabolism but has distinct disadvantages of excessive cost and poor resolution (circa 1 cm 3 ). The latter disadvantage is common to all isotopic methods."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable xenon CT CBF measurements in prevalent cerebrovascular disorders (stroke).

Meyer¹,

Okayasu²,

Tachibana³

et al. 1984

Stroke

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SUMMARY Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local tissue: blood partition coefficient (LX) values were measured for small volumes of gray or white matter by CT CBF. Single compartment analysis was used but fitted to infinity in normal volunteers aged between 20 to 100 years (N = 20). Hemispheric LCBF and LA. values were compared to those of 61 age matched patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs, N = 10), reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (RINDS, N = 10), acute and chronic cerebral infarctions associated with emboli from atherosclerotic plaques or complete occlusion of internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries (n = 9) or of cardiac origin (N = 3), cerebral hemorrhage (N = 1), multi-infarct dementia (MID) (N = 11) and arteriovenous malformations (AVM) (N = 17).In normal aging, LXs were normal, but LCBF showed diffuse age-related declines. Symptomatic cerebrovascular disease was characterized by accentuation of age-related LCBF declines. TIAs with unilateral ICA occlusion showed bilateral reductions of LCBF more evident in ischemic hemispheres. TIAs due to fibrinoplatelet emboli from ulcerated, non-occlusive ICA plaques were characterized by transient unilateral, localized LCBF reductions. All TIAs showed normal LX values. RINDS showed both LCBF and LX reductions. Larger embolic infarctions of ICA origin, whether acute or chronic, showed zones of zero flow with surrounding reductions of LCBF and LX values. Recent cerebral embolism of cardiac origin likewise exhibited zones of zero flow surrounded by reduced LCBF and LX values; but in chronic stages LCBF and LX values adjacent to zero flow zones were normal. MID was characterized by patchy reductions of LCBF and LX values throughout both hemispheres. Brain tissues surrounding AVM showed normal LX values but LCBF values were reduced due to steal.

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“…8 The computation was based on analysis of a single compartment model. The present computations, based on a two compartment model, allow better fit of observed to predicted values and greater stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral distribution of 133-Xe and blood flow measured with high purity germanium.

Reich¹,

Rusinek²,

Youdin³

et al. 1985

Stroke

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SUMMARY Distribution of cerebral blood flow was measured with an array of 200 ultra-pure germanium radiation detectors and 133-Xe by inhalation. The array "sees" the head as a composite of different subvolumes and enables measurement of the concentration history of tracer every 1-10 sec in each subvolume simultaneously. Subvolume mean flows, (f m ), and partition coefficients, X m , are derived by compartmental analysis of tissue concentration washout curves. Errors from "cross talk," scalp radiation, "look through," and assumed partition coefficients are eliminated. Average f m adjusted for 40 mm Hg P,\co2' n 14 cortical subvolumes (7 right, 7 left) of four normal 21-24 year old controls ranged from SO to 60 ml/100 cc tissue/min, and X m ranged from 0.97 to 1.14. Average f m and >.", in white matter was 24 ml/100 cc/ min and 1.42 -1.14 respectively. During CO 2 inhalation, right and left hemispheric f m increased 6.4% and 5.7%/mm Hg respectively, whereas white matter f m increased 2.2% and 3.4% mm Hg respectively. There was no systematic difference between front and back or dominant vs non-dominant sides. Three 73-84 year old controls had reduced f m and CO 2 reactivity in all subvolumes. >. m was in the same range as in younger controls. Two patients with intracranial cerebrovascular disease showed excellent localization of ischemic subvolumes. One patient with asymptomatic unilateral 98% stenosis of the internal carotid artery had a similar distribution of blood flow in both hemispheres. Stroke Vol 16, No 1, 1985 IN PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS we described an instrument that enables measurement of the 3-D distribution of the cerebral blood flow in the entire brain simultaneously using gamma photon emitting radioisotopes.'2 The CEREFLO instrument consists of 200 high purity germanium (HPGe) radiation detectors located about the head in precisely determined orientation. The array "sees" the head as a composite structure of anatomic subvolumes and measures the concentration of tracer in each subvolume every 1-10 sec depending upon the count rate. Blood flow in each subvolume is computed from the concentration history (/LtCi/cc tissue) of 133-Xe. Some important attributes of the method are that "cross-talk" is not a source of error, that radiation from the scalp is not a source of error (the scalp is an actual subvolume in which tracer concentration is measured), that "look-through" is eliminated, that knowledge of partition coefficients is unnecessary (though they may be determined if desired), that radiation exposure is low, and that the entire head is studied simultaneously.In this report we present results to demonstrate the capability of the CEREFLO technique to measure the distribution of cerebral blood flow in healthy human subjects and in patients with cerebrovascular disease. The CEREFLO SystemThe heart of the CEREFLO system is the stationary array of 200 HPGe detectors located about the head in precisely determined orientation ( fig. 1) surveys the object within its confine, i.e. the head and brain, as if ...

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133Xenon inhalation method: significance of indicator maldistribution for distinguishing brain areas with impaired perfusion. An index for total flow.

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Cerebral blood flow in humans following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Cerebral blood flow in humans following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Stable xenon CT CBF measurements in prevalent cerebrovascular disorders (stroke).

Cerebral distribution of 133-Xe and blood flow measured with high purity germanium.

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