131-Iodine capsules in thyroid therapy: An individually controlled study of their uptake kinetics as compared to liquid 131-Iodine

Schulthess, Gustav K. von; Seelentag, W; Pfeiffer, G.; Blaêuenstein, P.; Bekier, A

doi:10.1007/bf00261758

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Given its massive use in the medical practice, radioactive iodine is considered to be representative of beta-emitting radionuclides. In fact, 131 I is largely used for the treatment of thyroid cancer (typical quantities are up to 8.00 × 10 9 Bq) and thyrotoxicosis where it is generally administered by capsule or in liquid form [18]. Nuclear medicine departments are likely to detain large amounts of 131 I, ranging from hundreds of GBq [19] up to hundreds of TBq [20].…”

Section: Jinst 15 P02019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, several beta-emitting radionuclides are compared with the 131 I Reference scenario (at the fixed activity of 2.00 × 10 14 Bq): 3 H, 14 C, 18 F, 32 P, 40 K, 59 Fe, 75 Se, 89 Sr, 90 Sr, 90 Y, 113 Cd, 133 Xe, 153 Sm, 165 Dy, 166 Ho, 169 Er, 177 Lu, 186 Re and 198 Au. Most of them are under study because of their use (or potential application) in nuclear medicine [36][37][38][39], where full safety against intrusion and theft is difficult to achieve.…”

Section: Beta Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a dirty bomb attack in a large metropolitan area: simulate the dispersion of radioactive materials

et al. 2020

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The potential for a radiological or nuclear attack has been widely acknowledged in the last two decades. The use of a dirty bomb by terrorist organizations is considered to be a credible threat for which policymakers and relevant security agencies must prepare. Radioactive materials are stored in thousands of facilities around the world and may not be adequately protected against theft. This article analyzes a hypothetical dirty bomb attack in a large metropolitan area, evaluating the radiation dose to the involved population. The dispersion of radioactive materials is simulated using HOTSPOT code, considering a number of possible radionuclides (alpha, beta and gamma emitters) and scenarios. The findings of the present study corroborate and extend previous research demonstrating that it is unlikely that the atmospheric dispersion of radioactive material contained in a dirty bomb would produce deterministic effects in the exposed population. The radioactive material would be dispersed into the air resulting in relatively low doses. However, depending on the situation, the explosion of a dirty bomb is likely to contaminate properties (rendering them temporarily uninhabitable), thereby requiring potentially costly cleanup. Furthermore, due to the general fear of radiation, pervasive psychological effects are expected.

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Section: Jinst 15 P02019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beta Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a dirty bomb attack in a large metropolitan area: simulate the dispersion of radioactive materials

et al. 2020

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“…5). Most recently, at 1 y 2 wk after the RAI therapy, the patient underwent anterior and posterior imaging of the neck and entire body without SPECT capsular 131 I is a safe formulation for treatment of thyroid disease, demonstrating that the gastric radiation dose from 131 I pills was high only locally and was below the level that would cause tissue necrosis (8). However, unique patient challenges, such as dysphagia, may limit or restrict safe administration of oral 131 I in pill form.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Challenging Radioiodine Treatment Protocols: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Waller

Lawhn-Heath

Edmonds

et al. 2020

J. Nucl. Med. Technol.

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Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy with 131 I is the standard of care for treatment in many patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Because 131 I is typically administered as a pill, and much of its radioactivity is excreted via the urine, there can be challenges in patients who cannot swallow pills, absorb iodine via the gastrointestinal tract, or eliminate RAI via the urine (i.e., dialysis patients and patients with renal failure). In this article, we present 3 cases in which the standard 131 I treatment protocol for thyroid cancer could not be used because of these challenges, and we discuss the strategies used to overcome them. Provider collaboration and treatment customization are critical in overcoming patient-specific challenges.

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“…related to a reduction of the percent uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid. By using the sequential scintigraphic method, von Schulthess et al (16) determined the average capsule-dissolution time to be 12 ± 7 min, whereas ingestion of the liquid radioiodine causes an immediate rise in serum radioactivity. Halpern et al (15) found that it takes a variable time for the ingested ra¬ dioiodine capsule to dissolve completely, and significant thyroid uptake of radioiodine did not begin until 45 min after ingestion of the capsule radioiodine.…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the prolonged dissolution time of the radioionic capsules, it has been estimated that an~250-rad (250-cGy) radiation dose may be sustained by the gastric mucosa for a 5-mCi (180-MBq) 131I capsule (16). The thyroid uptake of radioiodine also may be affected by the possible for¬ mation of 131I gelatin complexes from the radiolytic break¬ down of 131I in the radioiodine capsules (21).…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioiodine Dispensing and Usage in a Centralized Hospital Nuclear Pharmacy

Hung¹

1997

Thyroid

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131I sodium iodide is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for both diagnosis and therapy in patients with various thyroid abnormalities. The radioiodide capsule has been the preferred dosage form, primarily because it provides a more convenient and safer vehicle for radioiodine administration. However, encapsulated 131I costs approximately twice as much a liquid 131I and does not provide as much flexibility as 131I solution in dosage selection. Also, the bioavailability of the capsular radioiodide preparation is inferior to that of the aqueous dosage form. The patient must swallow multiple capsules when a large amount of 131I activity is used. Capsule form is not suitable for any patient who has difficulty swallowing a capsule, has a feeding tube, or requires intravenous injection of 131I solution. In addition, radioiodide capsules must be analyzed statistically to ensure that the dosage units meet the United States Pharmacopeia uniformity requirements. If liquid radioiodine is used, distilled water rather than tap water should be used for dose preparation. It also is recommended that an antioxidant (e.g., sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite), disodium edetate, and a pH adjustment of 7.5-9.0 be used to reduce radioiodide volatility. Due to the acceleration of the oxidative reaction caused by heat and light, 131I should be stored in a dark, cool environment. To comply with the quality management program implemented by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission on January 27, 1992, all of the required information (e.g., prescribed dosage, procedure date, and signature of the authorized user) for a valid written directive is preprinted to ensure that the written directive is completed entirely and appropriately. Before each administration of therapeutic 131I solution, the calculated dose is verified by the prescribing physician, and the measured dose of 131I is reconfirmed by a second nuclear medicine technologist. Each patient's identity is verified by two methods (i.e., patient's full name and birth date).

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131-Iodine capsules in thyroid therapy: An individually controlled study of their uptake kinetics as compared to liquid 131-Iodine

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Analysis of a dirty bomb attack in a large metropolitan area: simulate the dispersion of radioactive materials

Analysis of a dirty bomb attack in a large metropolitan area: simulate the dispersion of radioactive materials

Management of Challenging Radioiodine Treatment Protocols: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Radioiodine Dispensing and Usage in a Centralized Hospital Nuclear Pharmacy

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