13 Techniques for Studying the Microbial Ecology of Nitrification

Underhill, S E

doi:10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70250-2

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The MPN of viable cells is estimated by using a statistical table based on the Poisson distribution. The MPN method underestimates the nitrifier population because of media selectivity, particulate matter and clumping (Belser 1979; Underhill 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plating can be used to identify and quantify nitrifiers, however, this method is extremely tedious for counting nitrifying bacteria due to the small size of the colonies and long incubation periods (Underhill 1990). Overgrowth of other organisms may occur during the long incubation periods (1−4 months).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overgrowth of other organisms may occur during the long incubation periods (1−4 months). Microcolonies formed on the selective medium do not have distinguishing features and therefore it is difficult to recognize nitrifier colonies among contaminating colonies (Underhill 1990). As a result, both MPN and plating methods have qualitative and quantitative biases (Staley and Konopka 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ characterization of nitrifiers in an activated sludge plant: detection of Nitrobacter Spp.

Coşkuner

Curtis

2002

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: The purpose of this work was to investigate microbial ecology of nitrifiers at the genus level in a typical full-scale activated sludge plant. Methods and Results: Grab samples of mixed liquor were collected from a plug-flow reactor receiving domestic wastewater. Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH) was used to characterize both ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in combination with Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM). Fluorescently labelled, 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used in this study. Both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira genera as AOB and Nitrobacter and Nitrospira genera as NOB were sought with genus specific probes Nsm156, Nsv443 and NIT3 and NSR1156, respectively. Conclusions: It was shown that Nitrosospira genus was dominant in the activated sludge system studied, although Nitrosomonas is usually assumed to be the dominant genus. At the same time, Nitrobacter genus was detected in activated sludge samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: Previous studies based on laboratory scale pilot plants employing synthetic wastewater suggested that only Nitrospira are found in wastewater treatment plants. We have shown that Nitrobacter genus might also be present. We think that these kinds of studies may not give a valid indication of the microbial diversity of the real fullscale plants fed with domestic wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ characterization of nitrifiers in an activated sludge plant: detection of Nitrobacter Spp.

Coşkuner

Curtis

2002

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Instead nitrification potential in these samples was significantly lower than in the fully sown wheat plots, which had the highest estimates (Table 8). Continuous flow perfusion techniques (Singh & Beauchamp, 1985) and simple batch incubation methods (Beck, 1976) have been used for measuring nitrification potentials (Underhill, 1990). The latter are easier to handle with a great number of samples and leave the soil in a more natural state but need to incubate for several days, which may lead to changes in the soil community in response to the incubation conditions (Singh & Beauchamp, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive and Soil Fertility Effects of Forbs and Legumes as Companion Plants or Living Mulch in Wide Spaced Organically Grown Cereals

Germeier

2006

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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Effects of forbs and legumes intercropped with organically grown winter cereals on plant productivity and fertility related soil parameters were detennined. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), dandelion (Taraxacum officina/e), white clover (Trifolium repens) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were established between wide spaced cereal rows as companion plants or as perennial living mulch, where cereals were sown into rotovated bands. Cornflower and chamomile had significant competitive effects already in their first year after sowing. Yarrow and dandelion, established as living mulch in an earlier growing season, were severe nitrogen competitors, in spite of low productivity in the case of dandelion. White clover living mulch was a more moderate, but still significant competitor. Nitrogen content of cereal plant material was higher in these plots and the clover steadily increased the total plot productivity by contributed nitrogen. Ammonium was the dominant form of mineral nitrogen in soils covered by plants. Performance of the systems was heavily dependent upon nitrogen relationships. This must be taken into consideration in attempts to manage biodiversity in organic plant production.

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“…AOB are extremely slow growing organisms and are notoriously di⁄cult to culture. This makes them di⁄cult to be detected in the coastal environment by cultivation-dependent traditional methods, which have qualitative and quantitative biases and underestimate by several order of magnitude, due to the slow growth rates, long incubation period, the small size of the colonies and co-contamination with fast-growing heterotrophic bacteria (Staley & Konopka 1985;Torsvik, Goksoyr & Daae 1990;Underhill 1990;Papen & von Berg 1998). Overgrowth of other organisms occur during the long incubation of 1^4 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative method for detecting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in coastal aquaculture systems

Krishnani

Velusamy

2010

Aquaculture Research

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There is a need to quantify autotrophic nitrifiers in coastal aquaculture systems for evolving a bioremediation strategy. Autotrophic nitrifiers are extremely slow‐growing organisms, which cannot be detected by traditional methods as they are notoriously difficult to culture. Molecular techniques based on functional genes could be deployed for the detection of nitrifiers. Ammonia monooxygenase (amoA), that catalyses the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine in the rate‐determining step of nitrification is largely unique to ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In the present study, a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting amoA was developed to estimate AOB population size in coastal soil, ammonia‐removing bioaugmentors and the solid matrix. To achieve this objective, different set of primers and a dual labelled probe have been designed for SYBR Green and TaqMan real‐time assays. The abundance of AOB ranged from 104 to 106 order of magnitude in the samples. In the present study, biofilm formation of the consortium of nitrifying bacteria onto bagasse has also been quantified. The results demonstrate that the developed method is a rapid and sensitive tool for the quantitative detection of nitrifying bacteria in aquatic and related environment. This helps in making the bioremediation approach for ammonia removal by immobilization of nitrifying bacteria onto the natural substrate.

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13 Techniques for Studying the Microbial Ecology of Nitrification

Cited by 9 publications

References 79 publications

In situ characterization of nitrifiers in an activated sludge plant: detection of Nitrobacter Spp.

In situ characterization of nitrifiers in an activated sludge plant: detection of Nitrobacter Spp.

Competitive and Soil Fertility Effects of Forbs and Legumes as Companion Plants or Living Mulch in Wide Spaced Organically Grown Cereals

A quantitative method for detecting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in coastal aquaculture systems

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