125 mW 102.4 GS/s Ultra-High-Speed Sampling Circuit for Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Breast Cancer Detection System

Abstract

For application to an impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) portable breast cancer detection system, a 102.4 GS/s sampling circuit is developed. The high sampling rate is realized by an equivalent-time sampling technique and a low-power multi-clock generation circuit using a phase interpolator. The phase interpolator achieved a minimum phase resolution 9.8 ps. Using the sampling circuit, a tumor phantom buried by a breast phantom was detected.

A 2‐ to 12‐GHz 65‐nm transmit/receive CMOS DP8T switching matrix for ultra‐wideband antenna arrays

“…The single‐pole–multiple‐throw (SPMT) radio frequency (RF) switch is an important building block in various complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) control circuits, such as in radar systems, tumor detection in biomedical applications, phase shifters, multibeam applications, and multiband selection communication systems…”

“…Recently, research on microwave radar‐based breast tumor detection systems has gained popularity for eliminating the associated problems of ionized radiation and painful breast compression of X‐ray mammography. In a radar‐based microwave tumor detection system, a 3‐ to 10‐GHz ultra‐wideband (UWB) CMOS‐integrated transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are used while controlling antennas by the UWB switching matrix . In the previous studies, a conventional mechanical double‐pole–16‐throw switching matrix was utilized to control 16 miniature radar antennas.…”

“…In a radar‐based microwave tumor detection system, a 3‐ to 10‐GHz ultra‐wideband (UWB) CMOS‐integrated transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are used while controlling antennas by the UWB switching matrix . In the previous studies, a conventional mechanical double‐pole–16‐throw switching matrix was utilized to control 16 miniature radar antennas. Such a mechanical switching matrix is very large in size and expensive, consumes 10 to 100 W of power, and has a large insertion loss of 10 to 18 dB that prevents the development of a low‐cost, low‐power, compact, and portable breast tumor detection system.…”

“…Shin et al and Choi et al reported 4 × 4 crossbar and beam‐forming Butler switches, respectively. Another CMOS beam‐forming Butler switch of an 8 × 8 matrix was discussed in the study of Cetinoneri et al Recently, a 65‐nm DC‐17‐GHz CMOS single‐pole–eight‐throw (SP8T) switch was reported in the studies of Azhari et al and Song et al, in which two SP8T switches were utilized to replace a conventional mechanical switching matrix in a radar‐based tumor detection system to make a compact, low‐power, and portable system.…”

Microwave Imaging Using CMOS Integrated Circuits with Rotating 4 × 4 Antenna Array on a Breast Phantom

“…Therefore, miniaturization of the imaging system is essential for widespread use [21][22][23]. In our previous work, functional CMOS integrated circuits were developed for Gaussian monocycle pulse generation, highspeed sampling, and channel switching [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Additionally, a complete imaging system using these CMOS circuits was proposed and the feasibility was examined [31].…”