“…In our previous work, we have demonstrated 980 nm diode lasers with a low divergence of less than 15 • [18][19][20]. However, the reported 1178 nm diode lasers have a large vertical beam divergence, which is around 40 • with a full width at half maximum [13][14][15]. Currently, there are several designs developed for a low vertical divergence, including super large optical cavity [21], mode expansion layer [22], anti-guiding layer [23], and photonic crystal structure [24,25].…”