120 Comparing faecal transmission pathways contributing to enteric infections in infants in rural India

Vila-Guilera, Julia; Ciric, Lena; Parikh, Priti; Dasgupta, Rajib; Lakhanpaul, Monica

doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-rcpch.69

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Similarly, in rural Bangladesh, a study of households measured fecal contamination in hands, soil, water, flies, and food, and found that hands were the most strongly associated with increased subsequent risk of diarrheal illness among children under five years old . In an exposure study in India, infants mouthing their own hands posed the second highest daily risk of enteric infection after soil ingestion . A fecal exposure assessment model showed that children in Tanzania ingest a significantly greater amount of feces each day from hand-to-mouth contacts (0.93 mg) than from drinking water (0.098 mg) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 In an exposure study in India, infants mouthing their own hands posed the second highest daily risk of enteric infection after soil ingestion. 5 A fecal exposure assessment model showed that children in Tanzania ingest a significantly greater amount of feces each day from hand-to-mouth contacts (0.93 mg) than from drinking water (0.098 mg). 2 Another Tanzanian study found that viral pathogens were more frequently found on hands than in drinking water.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hands Are Frequently Contaminated with Fecal Bacteria and Enteric Pathogens Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Enteric pathogen infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the highest disease burden in low-income countries. Hands act as intermediaries in enteric pathogen transmission, transferring enteric pathogens between people and the environment through contact with fomites, food, water, and soil. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of prevalence and concentrations of fecal indicator microorganisms (i.e., E. coli, fecal coliform) and enteric pathogens on hands. We identified 84 studies, reporting 35,440 observations of hand contamination of people in community or household settings. The studies investigated 44 unique microorganisms, of which the most commonly reported indicators were E. coli and fecal coliforms. Hand contamination with 12 unique enteric pathogens was reported, with adenovirus and norovirus as the most frequent. Mean E. coli prevalence on hands was 62% [95% CI 40%–82%] and mean fecal coliform prevalence was 66% [95% CI 22%–100%]. Hands were more likely to be contaminated with E. coli in low/lower-middle-income countries (prevalence: 69% [95% CI 48%–88%]) than in upper-middle/high-income countries (6% [95% CI 2%–12%]). The Review also highlights the importance of standardizing hand sampling methods, as hand rinsing was associated with greater fecal contamination compared to other sampling methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hands Are Frequently Contaminated with Fecal Bacteria and Enteric Pathogens Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…A study of households in rural Bangladesh measured fecal contamination in hands, soil, water, flies, and food, and found that hands were the most strongly associated with increased subsequent risk of diarrheal illness among children under five years old (Pickering et al, 2018). In an exposure study in India, infants mouthing their own hands posed the second highest daily risk of enteric infection after soil ingestion (Vila-Guilera et al, 2021). A fecal exposure assessment model showed that children in Tanzania ingest a significantly greater amount of feces each day from hand-to-mouth contacts (0.93 mg) than from drinking water (0.098 mg) (M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hands are frequently contaminated with fecal bacteria and enteric pathogens globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Sylvestre

Scheidegger

et al. 2022

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Enteric pathogen infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the highest disease burden in low-income countries. Hands act as intermediaries in enteric pathogen transmission, transferring enteric pathogens between people and the environment through contact with food, water, and soil. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of prevalence and concentrations of fecal indicator microorganisms (i.e., E. coli, fecal coliform) and enteric pathogens on hands. We identified eighty studies, reporting 31,305 observations of hand contamination of people in community or household settings. The studies investigated 45 unique microorganisms, of which the most commonly reported indicators were E. coli and fecal coliforms. Hand contamination with 14 unique enteric pathogens was reported, with adenovirus and rotavirus as the most frequent. Mean E. coli prevalence on hands was 40% [95% CI 18%-62%] and mean fecal coliform prevalence was 42% [95% CI 16%-69%]. Hands were more likely to be contaminated with E. coli in low/lower-middle-income countries (prevalence: 49% [25% - 72%]) than in upper-middle/high-income countries (6% [1% - 12%]). In low/lower-middle income countries, E. coli prevalence was higher in urban compared to rural settings (52% mean prevalence in urban versus 33% in rural), although substantial heterogeneity between studies limited confidence in this finding. The review also highlighted the importance of standardizing hand sampling methods, as hand rinsing was associated with greater fecal contamination compared to other sampling methods.

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120 Comparing faecal transmission pathways contributing to enteric infections in infants in rural India

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Hands Are Frequently Contaminated with Fecal Bacteria and Enteric Pathogens Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hands Are Frequently Contaminated with Fecal Bacteria and Enteric Pathogens Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hands are frequently contaminated with fecal bacteria and enteric pathogens globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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