12 Weeks of Physical Exercise Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Improves Functional Tests Performance, and Reduces Fall Risk in Elderly Women Independently on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate if the 25(OH)D concentration is related to physical training responses. Moreover, to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and older women’s physical performance, oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and bone metabolism. 37 older women (age 72.9 ± 5.2 years) were assigned into two groups: supplemented (SG) and non-supplemented (NSG). Then, the participants from SG and NSG were randomly assigned into exercised and non-exercised groups: exercise sufficient vitamin D group (ESD; n = 10), exercise insufficient vitamin D group (EID; n = 9), control sufficient vitamin D group (CSD; n = 9), and control insufficient vitamin D group (CID; n = 9). To assess the study aims time up and go test (TUG), 6 min walk test (6MWT), fall risk test (FRT), blood osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH), calcium (Ca2+), sulfhydryl groups (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were performed. The results showed that a higher 25(OH)D concentration was in line with better physical performance and bone metabolism as well as lower inflammation. After 12 weeks of training we noted an improvement in 6MWT (from 374.0 ± 17.3 to 415.0 ± 18.8; p = 0.001 and from 364.8 ± 32.8 to 419.4 ± 32.3; p = 0.001 for EID and ESD, respectively), TUG (from 7.9 ± 0.5 to 6.8 ± 0.8; p = 0.001 and from 7.3 ± 1.5 to 6.4 ± 0.9; p = 0.002, for EID and ESD, respectively), reduction of fall risk (from 2.8 ± 0.8 to 1.9 ± 0.4; p = 0.003 and from 2.1 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.047, for EID and ESD, respectively) and increase in SH groups (from 0.53 ± 0.06 to 0.58 ± 0.08; p = 0.012 and from 0.54 ± 0.03 to 0.59 ± 0.04; p = 0.005, for EID and ESD, respectively), regardless of the baseline 25(OH)D concentration. A decrease in PTH and OC concentration was observed only in EID group (from 57.7 ± 15.7 to 49.4 ± 12.6; p = 0.013 for PTH and from 27.9 ± 17.2 to 18.0 ± 6.2; p = 0.004 for OC). To conclude, vitamin D concentration among older women is associated with physical performance, fall risk, inflammation, and bone metabolism markers. Moreover, 12 weeks of training improved physical performance and antioxidant protection, regardless of baseline vitamin D concentration.

Effect of exercise and antioxidant supplementation on cellular lipid peroxidation in elderly individuals: Systematic review and network meta-analysis

“…A study published in 2016 found that, for hypertensive elderly women, a strength training program could reduce oxidative stress and correlate moderately with cardiovascular benefits ( Dantas et al, 2016 ). And a study published in 2022 by Rodziewicz-Flis’ team demonstrated that a 12-week training contained low-intensity resistance exercise improved physical performance and antioxidant protection in elderly women ( Rodziewicz-Flis et al, 2022 ).…”

Effect of vitamin D supplementation or fortification on bone turnover markers in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All studies were performed exclusively on women, with mean ages ranging from 24•75 to 80•35 years. The studies were conducted between 1995 and 2022 in South Korea (9,(20)(21)(22) , Poland (23) , China (24)(25)(26) , Denmark (27,28) , Japan (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) , Brazil (38) , Finland (10) , Spain (11,39) , UK (40,41) , USA (42) , New Zealand (43) , Greece (44) , Australia (45,46) , Germany (47) and the Netherlands (48) . The dosage of vitamin D supplementation/fortification varied from 10 μg/d to 200 000 μg/3 months, and the intervention period ranged from 4 to 96 weeks.…”

“…The dosage of vitamin D supplementation/fortification varied from 10 μg/d to 200 000 μg/3 months, and the intervention period ranged from 4 to 96 weeks. All studies had a parallel randomised design and were conducted on postmenopausal women with osteopenia/ osteoporosis (9,(20)(21)(22)24,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)36,39) , healthy postmenopausal women (10,23,25,26,28,35,37,38,(40)(41)(42)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48) and healthy women aged 18-49 years (11,27,43) . Of the thirty-two included studies, fifteen provided data on sCTX (9,10,20,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(38)(39)(40)(42)(43)(44) and four reported uNTX (11,…”

“…Of the thirty-two included studies, fifteen provided data on sCTX (9,10,20,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(38)(39)(40)(42)(43)(44) and four reported uNTX (11,29,30,32) . Moreover, changes in OC (22,23,(25)(26)(27)(28)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)41,43,44,(46)(47)(48) , P1NP (10,11,24,(26)(27)(28)39,40,42,45) and BALP (20,21,31,36,48) were extracted from eighteen, ten and...…”

Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in non-critical elderly patients visiting the emergency department

“…Increased daily activities or physical exercises improve the appetite, which may reduce the risk of sarcopenia (60,61). Moreover, exercises can trigger gut microbiota secreting short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory effects, reduce oxidative stress, and maintain muscle mass (62)(63)(64). Older adults having pro-inflammatory diets may potentiate the incident risk of sarcopenia (65).…”