12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Maize Defense against Corn Leaf Aphid

Varsani, Suresh; Grover, Sajjan; Zhou, Shaoqun; Koch, Kyle G.; Huang, Pei‐Cheng; Kolomiets, Michael V.; Williams, W. Paul; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; Sarath, Gautam; Luthe, Dawn S.; Jander, Georg; Louis, Joe

doi:10.1104/pp.18.01472

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In contrast, JA and JA-Ile levels remained low and did not change under YSA infestation ( Figures 1C, D ). Likewise, OPDA, an intermediate in JA biosynthesis and a signaling molecule involved in plant defense ( Heitz et al., 2016 ; Varsani et al., 2019 ), was also differentially affected by the two aphids. OPDA trended to be high at all three harvest dates in plants infested with GB with a significant difference observed at 10 DAI as compared to controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of change in JA, JA-Ile, and OPDA levels in response to YSA but not to GB herbivory was somewhat unexpected, because oxylipins are a critical component of plant responses to wounding and herbivory ( Wasternack and Strnad, 2018 ; Varsani et al., 2019 ; Yang et al., 2019 ), although aphids can modulate plant hormone levels to improve feeding outcomes ( Thaler et al., 2012 ; Erb and Reymond, 2019 ; Yang et al., 2019 ). There was a stronger induction of genes encoding both 9- and 13-lipoxygenases (LOX) that could contribute to JA biosynthesis in plants infested with GB relative to plants infested with YSA ( Figure S5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

et al. 2020

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Aphid herbivory elicits plant defense-related networks that are influenced by host genetics. Plants of the upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivar Summer can be a suitable host for greenbug aphids (Schizaphis graminum; GB), and yellow sugarcane aphids (Sipha flava, YSA), whereas the lowland cultivar Kanlow exhibited multi-species resistance that curtails aphid reproduction. However, stabilized hybrids of Summer (♀) x Kanlow (♂) (SxK) with improved agronomics can be damaged by both aphids. Here, hormone and metabolite analyses, coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of plant transcriptomes, were utilized to delineate defense networks induced by aphid feeding in SxK switchgrass and pinpoint plant transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKYs that potentially regulate these responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were significantly higher in GB infested plants at 5 and 10 days after infestation (DAI). ABA levels were highest at 15DAI in YSA infested plants. Jasmonic acid levels were significantly elevated under GB infestation, while salicylic acid levels were signifi40cantly elevated only at 15 DAI in YSA infested plants. Similarly, levels of several metabolites were altered in common or specifically to each aphid. YSA infestation induced a significant enrichment of flavonoids consistent with an upregulation of many genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis at 15DAI. Gene co-expression modules that responded singly to either aphid or in common to both aphids were differentiated and linked to specific TFs. Together, these data provide important clues into the interplay of metabolism and transcriptional remodeling accompanying defense responses to aphid herbivory in hybrid switchgrass.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

et al. 2020

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“…12-OPDA showed the highest constitutive and total induced levels among the 13-oxylipins, and is a JA precursor that has a signalling role distinct from the canonical phytohormone JA-Ile [81]. Recent studies supported such a unique role for 12-OPDA in maize by showing that it, but not JA, is a major defence signal against sap-sucking aphids [82], and a long-distance signal in symbiont-induced systemic resistance against pathogens [23]. Total induced levels of 12-OPDA were highest in BTEO, intermediate in USIL, and lowest in MXLR and USLR.…”

Section: Domestication Engaged Activation Of 9-oxylipins and Diminishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Biochemical Defences against a Rootworm Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Fontes-Puebla

Borrego

Kolomiets

2020

Preprint

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258 words) Plant physiological processes generally are regulated by phytohormones, including plant biochemical responses to herbivory. Here, we addressed whether a suite of maize (Zea mays mays) phytohormones, including some precursor and derivative metabolites, relevant to herbivory defence were mediated by the crop's domestication, northward spread, and modern breeding. For this, we compared phytohormone and metabolite levels among four plant types representing the evolutionary and agronomic transitions from maize's wild ancestor, Balsas teosinte (Zea mays parviglumis), to Mexican and US maize landraces, and to highly-bred US maize cultivars, as affected by root herbivory by Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Following ecological-evolutionary hypotheses, we expected to find changes in: (i) maize defence strategy, from reliance on induced to constitutive defences; (ii) levels of phytohormones relevant to herbivore resistance consistent with gradual weakening of defences, and; (iii) levels of a phytohormone relevant to herbivory tolerance because it positively affects plant growth. We found that with its domestication, maize seemed to have transitioned from reliance on induced defences in Balsas teosinte to reliance on constitutive defences in maize. Also, we found that while one subset of phytohormones relevant to herbivory was suppressed (13-oxylipins), another was enhanced (9-oxylipins) with domestication, and both subsets were variably affected by spread and breeding. Finally, an auxin phytohormone directly linked to growth (indole-3acetic acid), increased significantly with domestication, and seemingly with spread and breeding. We concluded that rootworm defences in maize were mediated by domestication and ensuing processes, such as spread and breeding, and argued that agricultural intensification mediated maize defence evolution in parallel with modern breeding.

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“…All EPG recordings were started between 11 AM-12 noon local time (U.S. Central Standard Time). We had 15 replications per plant genotype (NAM lines and control) of recordings for 8 h. Previously, it was shown that 8-h duration of recording is sufficient to quantify the different feeding activities on host plants and the different waveform patterns selected in this study are the aphid feeding behavior parameters that are correlated with host plant resistance (Pegadaraju et al 2007;Louis et al 2010Louis et al , 2012aVarsani et al 2019). EPG acquisition software (Stylet + , EPG Systems, Wageningen, The Netherlands) was used to record waveforms of greenbugs feeding on sorghum plants.…”

Section: Epg Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to greenbugs in the sorghum nested association mapping population

Grover

Wojahn

Varsani

et al. 2019

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, is a serious pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). For the past several decades, resistant sorghum hybrids have been used to control greenbug populations. However, the durability of plant resistance is frequently challenged by evolution of new greenbug biotypes, and there is a continuous need for screening of resistant germplasm for its effective management in the field. Natural variation in sorghum plants/populations provides distinct approaches to identify novel sources of resistance against greenbugs. In this study, we used the recently developed sorghum nested association mapping (NAM) population parental lines to understand sources of sorghum resistance to greenbugs. Using choice and no-choice assays, we have identified SC265 and Segaolane as the resistant and susceptible lines, respectively, to greenbugs compared to the wild-type plants. The Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) analysis revealed that the greenbugs spent significantly lesser time in the xylem and sieve element phases while feeding on the resistant NAM parental line, SC265, compared to the susceptible (Segaolane) and wild-type (RTx430) sorghum lines. In addition, the EPG results indicated that there is no significant difference in the time to first probe, time to reach first sieve element, pathway phase, and non-probing phase among the three sorghum plants, which suggests that the resistance factors present in the vascular tissues of the resistant line (SC265) potentially contribute to the resistance mechanisms against greenbugs. Overall, SC265 NAM parental line showed a combination of antixenotic and antibiotic-mediated resistance mechanisms against greenbugs, whereas the susceptible line Segaolane displayed the least resistance to greenbugs.

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12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Maize Defense against Corn Leaf Aphid

Cited by 64 publications

References 72 publications

Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

Maize Biochemical Defences against a Rootworm Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

Resistance to greenbugs in the sorghum nested association mapping population

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