12 Feeds and feeding practices

Lukuyu, Ben A.; Duncan, Alan J.; D.K, Kariuki; Baltenweck, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/s0167-9309(04)80014-0

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Prolonged exposure (3^4 weeks) of silver perch to temperatures around 30 1C is thought to adversely a¡ect growth (Rowland 1995b). In the channel cat¢sh industry, although feeding twice daily is bene¢cial, it is virtually impossible to achieve on large farms (Tucker & Robinson 1990;Robinson et al 2004). Metabolic rates of ¢sh increase with tempera- Aquaculture Research, 2005 Silver perch feeding strategy S J Rowland et al ture and as the ration size increases from maintenance to satiation (Paloheimo & Dickie 1966), and so the poorer growth in silver perch at high temperatures may have been due, in part, to lower levels of energy available for growth.…”

Section: Feeding Rates and Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum feed inputs of 168 and 210 kg ha À1 day À1 have been reported to cause low DO (down to 2.2 mg L À 1 ) and high TAN in intensive silver perch ponds (Rowland 1995b; Rowland et al 1995). In the channel cat¢sh industry, farmers limit feed inputs to 1001 50 kg ha À1 day À1 to avoid oxygen depletion (Lovell 1989a, b;Tucker & Robinson 1990;Robinson et al 2004). In the channel cat¢sh industry, farmers limit feed inputs to 1001 50 kg ha À1 day À1 to avoid oxygen depletion (Lovell 1989a, b;Tucker & Robinson 1990;Robinson et al 2004).…”

Section: Maximum Input Of Feed To Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations

et al. 2005

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To develop a feeding strategy for the Australian freshwater ¢sh silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell), a series of eight experiments was done in 1m 3 cages in an aerated, earthen pond to determine the e¡ects of feeding rate (% body weight) and feeding frequency (no. of feeds day À1 ) on the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of ¢ngerlings and larger ¢sh under ambient water temperatures over the range 13.83 0.6 1C. Fish were fed extruded pellets of a silver perch diet containing 34% digestible protein and 14 MJ kg À1 digestible energy. Commercial silver perch farmers were consulted about feeding practices for large ¢sh (4500 g) and at water temperatures below 12 1C, and winter feeding practices for other warmwater species were used to complete the strategy. In the feeding experiments, growth and FCR increased with increasing feeding rates to a level above which only FCR increased. Optimal feeding rates and frequencies were those which resulted in maximal growth, while minimizing e¡ort (feeding frequency) and FCR. The highest feeding frequency required for maximal growth, including that of small ¢ngerlings was twice (2 Â ) daily, and the optimal feeding rates varied with water temperature and size of ¢sh. The optimal daily regimes were: small ¢ngerlings (initial mean weight, 2.0 g) 7.5% 2 Â at a mean temperature of 23.3 1C; ¢ngerlings (14.9^27.7 g) 7.5% 2 Â at 27.1 1C, 5.0% 2 Â at 23.7 1C and 2.0% 1 Â at 16.8 1C; and large silver perch (162.5^510.6 g) 0.5% 1 Â daily or 1.0% on alternate days at 15.6 1C, 1.0% 1 Â at 17.3 1C, 3.0% 2 Â at 24.1 1C and 2.0% 2 Â at 27.9 1C. It is suggested that regimes of 0.5% 1 Â daily for ¢ngerlings (o50 g) and 0.5% 1 Â on alternate days for larger ¢sh are used at temperatures of 9^12 1C, and 0.5% 3 days week À1 and 0.5% 1 dayweek À1 for ¢ngerlings and larger ¢sh, respectively, at 6^9 1C. Feed inputs should not exceed 150 kg ha À1 day À1 in ponds less than 0.3 ha and 100 kg ha À1 day À1 in larger ponds. Our research has established a feeding strategy for silver perch based on restricted rations. Ã Overall mean; there were no signi¢cant di¡erences between means at stocking within each experiment.wRange of mean weights across all treatments and replicates. Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36, 1429^1441 Silver perch feeding strategy S J Rowland et al.

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Section: Feeding Rates and Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maximum Input Of Feed To Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations

et al. 2005

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“…Leary and Lovell (1975) found that channel catfish fed practical diets containing 14-20% crude fiber (mostly cellulose) gained significantly less weight than fish fed a basal diet containing 2% crude fiber, and fish fed a diet with 8% fiber had intermediate weight gain, but not significantly different from fish fed diets containing 2, 14, or 20% fiber. Channel catfish diets are generally recommended to contain less than 7% crude fiber (Lovell 1989;Robinson et al 2004). Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed a diet containing 10% cellulose had intermediate weight gain compared with fish fed diets containing either 0% or 20% cellulose (Hilton et al 1983).…”

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Effects of Dietary Fiber Concentrations Supplied by Corn Bran on Feed Intake, Growth, and Feed Efficiency of Channel Catfish

Oberle

Lucas

2012

N American J Aquac

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The present study examined the effects of dietary fiber and digestible energy on the feed intake, growth, and feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish with an initial weight of 9.8 ± 0.1 g/fish (mean ± SD) were stocked in 110‐L flow‐through aquariums and fed for 9 weeks with practical diets that contained graded levels of fiber supplied by corn bran. As total dietary fiber (TDF) increased, feed consumption and weight gain increased and then decreased, showing a quadratic response. Maximum feed consumption occurred at a TDF level of 27.0% (5.7% crude fiber, 19.1% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]). Channel catfish appear to have some ability to adapt to increased dietary fiber by increasing feed intake to satisfy their energy requirements. Maximum weight gain was achieved at a TDF level of 23.4% (5.0% crude fiber, 15.7% NDF), indicating that the presence of dietary fiber at certain levels is beneficial to the fish. The maximum tolerance level for TDF by channel catfish was estimated to be 32.1% (6.6% crude fiber, 24.9% NDF). Feed efficiency, hepatosomatic index, and body fat decreased linearly with increasing dietary fiber. The maximum fiber tolerance levels may be used as upper limits for fiber when formulating practical diets for catfish containing corn by‐products.

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“…Because channel catfish cannot synthesize these pigments in their body, they must come from food sources. It is unlikely that the yellow pigment is contributed by feed ingredients used in catfish feeds because common feed ingredients contain low levels of pigment compounds (Robinson et al 2004). Lovell (1989) reported that over 11 mg carotenoids (lutein [LUT] and zeaxanthin [ZEA]) per kilogram of diet would impart yellow color in the flesh of channel catfish.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Dietary Carotenoid Pigments on Fillet Appearance and Pigment Absorption in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Li¹,

Robinson²,

Oberle³

et al. 2007

J World Aquaculture Soc

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A study was conducted to evaluate effects of various carotenoids on skin and fillet coloration and fillet carotenoid concentration in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. For 12 wk, juvenile catfish were fed one of six experimental diets containing no supplemental carotenoid or 100 mg/kg of one of following carotenoid additions: β‐carotene (BCA), lutein (LUT), zeaxanthin (ZEA), canthaxanthin (CAN), and astaxanthin (AST). Visual yellow color intensity score was highest for fish fed LUT, followed by ZEA, AST, and CAN, and lowest for fish fed basal and BCA diets. Skin and tissue Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage yellowness value was the highest in fish fed LUT, followed by fish fed ZEA, AST, and CAN, and lowest for fish fed basal and BCA diets. Fish accumulated the supplemental carotenoids in muscle tissues, but concentrations of different carotenoids in the tissue varied greatly. Approximately 30% of the LUT added was converted to echineone; no conversion was observed among other supplemental carotenoids. Results from the present study indicate that channel catfish can accumulate yellow pigments LUT and ZEA and red or pink pigments CAN and AST in the flesh, resulting in yellow coloration. The yellow pigment BCA does not appear to deposit in skin or flesh at levels sufficient to alter the coloration.

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12 Feeds and feeding practices

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations

Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations

Effects of Dietary Fiber Concentrations Supplied by Corn Bran on Feed Intake, Growth, and Feed Efficiency of Channel Catfish

Effects of Various Dietary Carotenoid Pigments on Fillet Appearance and Pigment Absorption in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

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