12 element multi-wavelength DFB arrays for widely tunable laser modules

Pezeshki, B.; Vail, E.C.; Kubicky, J.; Yoffe, G.W.; Zou, S.; Epp, P.; Rishton, S. A.; Ton, Dinh; Faraji, B.; Emanuel, M.A.; King, Roger; Hong, Xin; Sherback, Michael; Agrawal, Vivek; Razazan, T.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2002.1036667

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The differing comb pitches of the front and back mirrors lead to large changes, relative to standard DBRs, in lasing wavelength with tuning current. Tuning with simpler wavelength stability can be achieved with a multi-wavelength DFB array and a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) tilt mirror [26]. Sampled gratings producing reflection combs can also be used with multi-contactchirped gratings for widely tunable lasers [25].…”

Section: Single-channel Multi-component Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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III–V photonic integrated circuits and their impact on optical network architectures

Welch

Joyner

Lambert

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Optical Fiber Telecommunications v A

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Section: Single-channel Multi-component Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Historical progression of router-to-router bandwidth compared to WAN connectivity speeds (this figure may be seen in color on the included CD-ROM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

III–V photonic integrated circuits and their impact on optical network architectures

Welch

Joyner

Lambert

et al. 2008

Optical Fiber Telecommunications v A

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“…A way of avoiding this problem has been published [9]. As shown in figure 8, the combiner is replaced by a MEMS mirror which can be controlled to provide coupling from a given array element to the output fiber.…”

Section: Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>What is new in WDM sources?</title>

Buus¹

2004

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper will describe some of the latest developments in the area of optical sources for WDM systems, including tunable lasers and multiwavelength sources. We will consider both DWDM and CWDM. We will start by looking at the source requirements, such as wavelength switching time, for various applications. After that we will give an overview of the latest developments in source options and technologies. The source options under discussion will include external cavity lasers, wavelength selectable laser arrays, tunable VCSELs, monolithic tunable lasers, and non-semiconductor alternatives. Numerous examples will be shown, and the characteristics and performance of the various devices will be discussed. The key performance parameters, such as tuning range, power and switching time will be related to the expected areas of application. These areas include sparing, fixed wavelength transmitter replacement, and use in wavelength switched networks. We will pay particular attention to packaging and modules, and discuss the emergence of pluggable lasers. Finally we will consider the prospects for uncooled operation. TUNABLE LASER APPLICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTSThe ability to choose a particular wavelength of operation makes tunable lasers, or wavelength selectable laser arrays, with an adjustable or uncommitted wavelength, attractive for different applications in WDM systems. It is convenient to classify the application areas in terms of the required wavelength switching time. Below we discuss possible application areas in order of increasing demand on the switching speed. We will use the term "tunable" as a generic term, i.e. including wavelength selectable sources.An obvious application for tunable lasers is sparing. Rather than keeping spare transmitter modules, or even whole linecards, for a number of separate specific wavelengths, it is far more cost efficient to keep just a few spares which incorporate tunable lasers. The laser wavelength is then set when the transmitter is needed. Sparing was for a long time seen as the first major market segment for tunable lasers. However, the emergence of hot-pluggable transmitters has made sparing cheaper, and consequently reduced the premium which the tunable laser manufacturers can charge for transmitters for this application. It is of course necessary for tunable lasers used for sparing to have properties (like for example output power) comparable to those of fixed wavelength lasers. A related application is provisioning of circuits in response to traffic demand. Use of tunable transmitters means that new circuits can be set up at any desired wavelength without the need for a stock of fixed wavelength transmitters.The wavelength flexibility paves the way for constructing reconfigurable networks, and to use tunable lasers for restoration and protection. For these applications sub-second switching times are required.Ultimately tunable lasers can be used in packet switched networks. These can take the form of burst mode switching where data is transmitted on a selected wavelengt...

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“…A new way of avoiding this problem has recently been published [10]. As shown in figure 12, the combiner is replaced by a MEMS mirror which can be controlled to provide coupling from a given array element to the output fiber.…”

Section: Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

WDM sources

Buus¹

2003

SPIE Proceedings

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For several years tunable lasers and other WDM sources has been as one of the hottest components topics in photonics, but like other areas the downturn has hit hard. In this paper we will describe the latest developments in the area of optical sources for DWDM systems, including tunable lasers and multiwavelength sources, and we will look at the companies (still) competing in this area. We will start by introducing the basic technologies used for DWDM sources. After that we will give an overview of the source options, and discuss tuning methods and wavelength control issues. The source options under discussion will include monolithic tunable lasers, hybrid structures and external cavity lasers, wavelength selectable laser arrays, tunable VCSELs, and non-semiconductor alternatives. Numerous examples will be shown, and the characteristics and performance of the various devices will be discussed. The key performance parameters, such as tuning range, power and switching speed will be related to the expected areas of application. These areas include sparing, fixed wavelength transmitter replacement, and use in wavelength switched networks. TUNABLE LASER APPLICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTSThe ability to choose a particular wavelength of operation makes tunable lasers, or wavelength selectable laser arrays, with an uncommitted and adjustable wavelength attractive for applications such as sparing in DWDM optical networks. Instead of keeping a large number of spare transmitter cards (one for each wavelength used), a system operator only needs a limited number of spares. If tunable lasers become sufficiently cheap, one might even consider replacing fixed wavelength lasers by tunable lasers. Tunable lasers also support new network features based on the use of wavelength routing. One can use wavelength switching either as circuit switching or as packet switching. In addition, tunable lasers are also of interest in test and measurement applications as well as for various sensors.The key performance parameters are: • Power. For sparing and replacement applications the optical power level has to be comparable to that of present DFB lasers. •Tuning range. A wide tuning range reduces the number of lasers required to cover a given spectral range, but for widely tunable lasers there may be trade-off between tuning range and power level. •Tuning speed. For sparing applications tuning speed is not an issue, but for optical packet switching it is of prime importance. •Reliability. In addition to the usual requirements, wavelength stability has to be ensured.

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12 element multi-wavelength DFB arrays for widely tunable laser modules

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

III–V photonic integrated circuits and their impact on optical network architectures

III–V photonic integrated circuits and their impact on optical network architectures

<title>What is new in WDM sources?</title>

WDM sources

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