[12] Calculation and control of free divalent cations in solutions used for membrane fusion studies

Abstract

Section II. Conformational Changes of Proteins during Membrane Fusion 5. Protein Conformation Changes in Virus-Cell Fu-ROBERT W. DOMS sion 6. Monitoring Protein Conformational Changes dur-TETSURO YOSHIMURA ing Membrane Fusion 7. Synthetic Peptides as Probes of Function of Viral NEJAT DÜZGÜNES. 82 Envelope Proteins Section III. Membrane Fusion during Exocytosis 8. Simultaneous Electrical and Optical Measure-JOSHUA ZIMMERBERG 99 ments of Individual Membrane Fusion Events during Exocytosis 9. Visualization of Exocytosis by Quick Freezing and CARRIE J. MERKLE AND Freeze-Fracture DOUGLAS E. CHANDLER 112 10. Electropermeabilized Platelets: A Preparation to DEREK E. KNIGHT AND Study Exocytosis MICHAEL C. SCRUTTON 123 11. Exocytotic Membrane Fusion as Studied in Toxin-GUDRUN AHNERT-HILGER, Permeabilized Cells BRIGITTE STECHER, CORDIAN BEYER, AND MANFRED GRATZL 139 ν vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 12. Calculation and Control of Free Divalent Cations KARL J. FÖHR, in Solutions Used for Membrane Fusion Studies WOJCIECH WARCHOL, AND MANFRED GRATZL 13. Cytosolic Free Calcium Transients during Exocy-DANIEL P. LEW, tosis in Intact Human Neutrophils MARISA JACONI, AND TULLIO POZZAN 14. Use of Tetrahymena and Paramecium in Studies BIRGIT Η. SATIR AND of Exocytosis LEA K. BLEYM AN 174

Caffeine-Induced Ca 2+ Transients and Exocytosis in Paramecium Cells. A Correlated Ca 2+ Imaging and Quenched-Flow/Freeze-Fracture Analysis

“…Different concentrations of EGTA were added to yield an estimated free [Ca 2+ ] of 10, 80 or 330 nM, respectively, as calculated according to Föhr, Warchol & Gratzl (1993) and controlled by Fura Red, before exposure to 40-50 mM caffeine. In vivo this would correspond to values below, close to, or above resting [Ca 2+ ] i levels, respectively, as occurring in different cell regions during caffeine stimulation (see Results).…”

Adrenal chromaffin cells contain functionally different SNAP‐25 monomers and SNAP‐25/syntaxin heterodimers

“…Basal release was determined in the same medium with no Ca 2+ added. Free Ca 2+ concentrations were calculated and checked with a Ca2+-specific electrode as described [25].…”

Exploring the functional domain and the target of the tetanus toxin light chain in neurohypophysial terminals

“…Free Ca2+ concentrations were calculated and controlled with a Ca2+ specific electrode as described reeently. 24 In order to assure the response ofthe permeabilized nerve endings to Ca 2 + and the TeTxL their effects were checked in each group of experiments (see Figures presented in this paper).…”